aitama
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Estonian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Finnic *abittadak (“to help, assist”), from both *api (“help, aid, assistance”), and the suffix *-ttadak, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *-kta-, from Proto-Uralic *-pta-.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Rhymes: -ɑmɑ
- Hyphenation: ai‧ta‧ma
Verb
[edit]aitama (da-infinitive aidata)
- (governs keda/mida or kellel/mida teha, transitive) to help, assist, give assistance
- päästjad aitasid hädalised kuivale maale ― rescuers helped the distressed to dry land
- aitasin sõbral autot parandada ― I helped a friend fix his car
- Jumal, aita! ― God, help!
- Synonyms: abistama, avitama
- (about an aid, transitive) to help or have an effect on
- see rohi aitab iivelduse vastu ― this herb helps with nausea
- muusika aitas leevendada argielu hallust ― music helped relieve the grayness of everyday life
- (governs millest, third person) to be enough, to suffice
- aitab küll! ― that's enough!
- linnaga tutvumiseks aitab paarist tunnist ― a couple of hours will be enough to get to know the city
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of aitama (ÕS type 29/hüppama, t-d gradation)
indicative | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present | perfect | ||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
1st sing. | aitan | ei aita | 1st sing. | olen aidanud | ei ole aidanud pole aidanud | ||||
2nd sing. | aitad | 2nd sing. | oled aidanud | ||||||
3rd sing. | aitab | 3rd sing. | on aidanud | ||||||
1st plur. | aitame | 1st plur. | oleme aidanud | ||||||
2nd plur. | aitate | 2nd plur. | olete aidanud | ||||||
3rd plur. | aitavad | 3rd plur. | on aidanud | ||||||
impersonal | aidatakse | ei aidata | impersonal | on aidatud | ei ole aidatud pole aidatud | ||||
past | pluperfect | ||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
1st sing. | aitasin | ei aidanud | 1st sing. | olin aidanud | ei olnud aidanud polnud aidanud | ||||
2nd sing. | aitasid | 2nd sing. | olid aidanud | ||||||
3rd sing. | aitas | 3rd sing. | oli aidanud | ||||||
1st plur. | aitasime | 1st plur. | olime aidanud | ||||||
2nd plur. | aitasite | 2nd plur. | olite aidanud | ||||||
3rd plur. | aitasid | 3rd plur. | oli aidanud | ||||||
impersonal | aidati | ei aidatud | impersonal | oli aidatud | ei olnud aidatud polnud aidatud | ||||
conditional | |||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
1st sing. | aitaksin | ei aitaks | 1st sing. | aidanuksin oleksin aidanud |
ei aidanuks ei oleks aidanud poleks aidanud | ||||
2nd sing. | aitaksid | 2nd sing. | aidanuksid oleksid aidanud | ||||||
3rd sing. | aitaks | 3rd sing. | aidanuks oleks aidanud | ||||||
1st plur. | aitaksime | 1st plur. | aidanuksime oleksime aidanud | ||||||
2nd plur. | aitaksite | 2nd plur. | aidanuksite oleksite aidanud | ||||||
3rd plur. | aitaksid | 3rd plur. | aidanuksid oleksid aidanud | ||||||
impersonal | aidataks | ei aidataks | impersonal | oleks aidatud | ei oleks aidatud poleks aidatud | ||||
imperative | |||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
2nd sing. | aita | ära aita | 2nd sing. | ole aidanud | ära ole aidanud | ||||
3rd sing. | aidaku | ärgu aidaku | 3rd sing. | olgu aidanud | ärgu olgu aidanud | ||||
1st plur. | aidakem | ärme aitame ärme aita ärgem aidakem |
1st plur. | olgem aidanud | ärme oleme aidanud ärme ole aidanud ärgem olgem aidanud | ||||
2nd plur. | aidake | ärge aidake | 2nd plur. | olge aidanud | ärge olge aidanud | ||||
3rd plur. | aidaku | ärgu aidaku | 3rd plur. | olgu aidanud | ärgu olgu aidanud | ||||
impersonal | aidatagu | ärgu aidatagu | impersonal | olgu aidatud | ärgu olgu aidatud | ||||
quotative | |||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||
voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
active | aitavat | ei aitavat | active | olevat aidanud | ei olevat aidanud polevat aidanud | ||||
passive | aidatavat | ei aidatavat | passive | olevat aidatud | ei olevat aidatud polevat aidatud | ||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||
ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
nominative | aitama | aidatama | nominative | aidata | olla aidanud | ||||
illative | — | inessive | aidates | olles aidanud | |||||
inessive | aitamas | participle | active | passive | |||||
elative | aitamast | present | aitav | aidatav | |||||
translative | aitamaks | past | aidanud | aidatud | |||||
abessive | aitamata | negative | aitamatu | — |
Related terms
[edit]- aitamine (“help, helping”)
References
[edit]- “aitama”, in [PSV] Eesti keele põhisõnavara sõnastik [Dictionary of Estonian Basic Vocabulary] (in Estonian) (online version, not updated), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2014
- aitama in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
- “aitama”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
- “aitama”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
Categories:
- Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric
- Estonian terms derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric
- Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Estonian terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Estonian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Estonian/ɑmɑ
- Estonian lemmas
- Estonian verbs
- Estonian transitive verbs
- Estonian terms with usage examples
- Estonian terms with rare senses
- Estonian hüppama-type verbs