byrja
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Faroese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse byrja, from Proto-Germanic *burjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.
Verb
[edit]byrja (third person singular past indicative byrjaði, third person plural past indicative byrjaðu, supine byrjað)
- to begin
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of byrja (group v-30) | ||
---|---|---|
infinitive | byrja | |
supine | byrjað | |
participle (a6)1 | byrjandi | byrjaður |
present | past | |
first singular | byrji | byrjaði |
second singular | byrjar | byrjaði |
third singular | byrjar | byrjaði |
plural | byrja | byrjaðu |
imperative | ||
singular | byrja! | |
plural | byrjið! | |
1Only the past participle being declined. |
Icelandic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse byrja, from Proto-Germanic *burjaną.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]byrja (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative byrjaði, supine byrjað)
- (transitive) to begin
Conjugation
[edit]byrja — active voice (germynd)
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að byrja | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
byrjað | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
byrjandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég byrja | við byrjum | present (nútíð) |
ég byrji | við byrjum |
þú byrjar | þið byrjið | þú byrjir | þið byrjið | ||
hann, hún, það byrjar | þeir, þær, þau byrja | hann, hún, það byrji | þeir, þær, þau byrji | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég byrjaði | við byrjuðum | past (þátíð) |
ég byrjaði | við byrjuðum |
þú byrjaðir | þið byrjuðuð | þú byrjaðir | þið byrjuðuð | ||
hann, hún, það byrjaði | þeir, þær, þau byrjuðu | hann, hún, það byrjaði | þeir, þær, þau byrjuðu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
byrja (þú) | byrjið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
byrjaðu | byrjiði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
byrjaður — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
byrjaður | byrjuð | byrjað | byrjaðir | byrjaðar | byrjuð | |
accusative (þolfall) |
byrjaðan | byrjaða | byrjað | byrjaða | byrjaðar | byrjuð | |
dative (þágufall) |
byrjuðum | byrjaðri | byrjuðu | byrjuðum | byrjuðum | byrjuðum | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
byrjaðs | byrjaðrar | byrjaðs | byrjaðra | byrjaðra | byrjaðra | |
weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
byrjaði | byrjaða | byrjaða | byrjuðu | byrjuðu | byrjuðu | |
accusative (þolfall) |
byrjaða | byrjuðu | byrjaða | byrjuðu | byrjuðu | byrjuðu | |
dative (þágufall) |
byrjaða | byrjuðu | byrjaða | byrjuðu | byrjuðu | byrjuðu | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
byrjaða | byrjuðu | byrjaða | byrjuðu | byrjuðu | byrjuðu |
Derived terms
[edit]Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- byrje (e-infinitive)
Verb
[edit]byrja (present tense byrjar, past tense byrja, past participle byrja, passive infinitive byrjast, present participle byrjande, imperative byrja/byrj)
Etymology 2
[edit]Verb
[edit]byrja (present tense bør, past tense burde, past participle burt)
References
[edit]- “byrja” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Norse
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From the noun byrr (“fair wind”).
Verb
[edit]byrja
- (impersonal with dative) to get (fair) winds
- honum byrjar vel ― he gets fair wind
- honum byrjar illa ― he gets foul wind
- (impersonal, intransitive) to blow, be windy
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of byrja — impersonal, active (weak class 2)
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *burjaną.
Verb
[edit]byrja
- (intransitive) to originate
- (transitive) to begin
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of byrja — active (weak class 2)
infinitive | byrja | |
---|---|---|
present participle | byrjandi | |
past participle | byrjaðr | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | byrja | byrjaða |
2nd-person singular | byrjar | byrjaðir |
3rd-person singular | byrjar | byrjaði |
1st-person plural | byrjum | byrjuðum |
2nd-person plural | byrið | byrjuðuð |
3rd-person plural | byrja | byrjuðu |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | byrja | byrjaða |
2nd-person singular | byrir | byrjaðir |
3rd-person singular | byrir | byrjaði |
1st-person plural | byrim | byrjaðim |
2nd-person plural | byrið | byrjaðið |
3rd-person plural | byri | byrjaði |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | byrja | |
1st-person plural | byrjum | |
2nd-person plural | byrið |
Descendants
[edit]- Icelandic: byrja
- Faroese: byrja
- Norwegian Nynorsk: byrja
- Old Swedish: byria
- Swedish: börja
- Old Danish: byriæ
- Gutnish: byre
Etymology 3
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *burjaną, with senses possibly from *gaburjaną.
Verb
[edit]byrja
- (impersonal with dative) to be due, beseem
- sem byrjar lyðnum syni oc litillatom
- as befits an obedient and humble son
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of byrja — impersonal, active (weak class 1)
Conjugation of byrja — impersonal, active (weak class 2)
Descendants
[edit]- Norwegian Nynorsk: burda, burde, byrja, byrje (“should”)
- Norwegian Bokmål: burde (“should”)
- Old Swedish: böra
- Swedish: böra (“should”)
References
[edit]- byrja in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.
Categories:
- Faroese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Faroese terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰer-
- Faroese terms inherited from Old Norse
- Faroese terms derived from Old Norse
- Faroese terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Faroese terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Faroese lemmas
- Faroese verbs
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic 2-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ɪrja
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ɪrja/2 syllables
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic verbs
- Icelandic weak verbs
- Icelandic transitive verbs
- Most used Icelandic verbs
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk verbs
- Norwegian Nynorsk weak verbs
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with usage examples
- Norwegian Nynorsk pre-2012 forms
- Old Norse lemmas
- Old Norse verbs
- Old Norse impersonal verbs
- Old Norse terms with usage examples
- Old Norse intransitive verbs
- Old Norse class 2 weak verbs
- Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse transitive verbs
- Old Norse class 1 weak short-stem verbs