View source for cru

{{also|CRU|Cru|crû|crú}}
==English==

===Etymology===
Borrowed from {{bor|en|fr|cru#Etymology_3_2|cru|growth}}, from {{der|en|fr|crû}}, past participle of {{der|en|fr|croître||grow}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/kɹuː/}}
* {{audio|en|En-us-cru.ogg|a=US}}
* {{rhymes|en|uː|s=1}}
* {{homophones|en|crew|crewe|Crewe}}

===Noun===
{{en-noun}}

# A [[vineyard]] or group of vineyards in [[France]], especially one having a [[high]] [[reputation]].
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2009|author=Ed McCarthy; Mary Ewing-Mulligan; Maryann Egan|title=Wine All-in-One For Dummies|page=218
|passage=Each '''cru''' has an official quality rating on a scale of 100: Grand cru vineyards all rate 100, and premier cru vineyards rank from 90 to 99 points.}}

====Usage notes====
Translated as {{m|en|growth}} in phrases such as “first growth” for {{l|en|premier cru}}.

====Related terms====
* {{l|en|grand cru}}
* {{l|en|premier cru}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=cru|RUC|cur|ruc}}

{{cln|en|1-syllable words}}
{{C|en|Wine}}

==Catalan==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|ca|la|crūdus}} (compare {{cog|oc|crus}}, {{cog|fr|cru}}, {{cog|es|crudo}}).

===Pronunciation===
* {{ca-IPA}}
* {{rhymes|ca|u|s=1}}

===Adjective===
{{ca-adj}}

# [[raw]]

====Derived terms====
* {{l|ca|cruesa}}

====Further reading====
* {{R:ca:IEC2}}
* {{R:ca:DCVB}}

==Dutch==

===Etymology===
Borrowed from {{bor|nl|fr|cru}}, from {{der|nl|frm|cru}}, from {{der|nl|fro}}, from {{der|nl|la|crūdus}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|nl|/kry/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-cru.ogg}}
* {{hyphenation|nl|cru}}
* {{rhymes|nl|y}}

===Adjective===
{{nl-adj|-|-}}

# [[crude]], [[coarse]]

====Declension====
{{nl-decl-adj||-}}

==French==

===Pronunciation===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|Fr-cru.ogg}}
* {{homophones|fr|crû|crue}}

===Etymology 1===
{{inh+|fr|frm|crud}}, from {{inh|fr|fro|cru}}, {{m|fro|creu}}, from {{inh|fr|la|crūdus}} ({{cog|en|crude}}).

====Adjective====
{{fr-adj}}

# [[raw]] {{gloss|uncooked, unprocessed}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col3|fr
|à cru
|écru}}

=====Related terms=====
* {{l|fr|crudité}}

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|ht|kri}}

===Etymology 2===
{{nonlemma}}

====Participle====
{{fr-past participle}}

# {{past participle of|fr|croire}}

===Etymology 3===
Nominal use of {{m|fr|crû}}, past participle of {{m|fr|croître}}.

====Noun====
{{fr-noun|m}}

# [[growth]]
# [[vineyard]]; [[vintage]]

===Further reading===
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}

==Galician==

===Etymology===
13th century. From {{inh|gl|roa-opt|cruu}}, from {{inh|gl|la|crūdus}}, probably ultimately from {{der|gl|ine-pro|*krewh₂-|t=raw meat, fresh blood}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|gl|/ˈkɾu/}}

===Adjective===
{{gl-adj}}

# [[raw]]; [[unprocessed]]
#* {{quote-book|gl|year=1295|editor=A. López Ferreiro|title=Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática|location=Santiago|publisher=Tipografía Galaica|page=152
|passage=''acharedes en casa na mia ucha cinquoeenta uaras de lenço que seen ordidas et cinquo maranas de fiado '''cruu''' et tres de cozido''
|translation=you'll find in my home inside my chest fifty yards of woven cloth and five skeins of '''raw''' thread and three of boiled}}
# {{lb|gl|dated}} [[cruel]]
#* {{quote-text|gl|year=1348|editor=R. Lorenzo|title=La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla|page=316|location=Ourense|publisher=I.E.O.P.F.
|passage=''Et, ãdando ambos muy fortes et muy '''cruus''' en sua batalla, ferindose muy sen piadade''
|translation=And, being both very strong and '''cruel''' in their battle, they hurt one another mercilessly}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|gl|cruel}}
* {{l|gl|crueza}}
* {{l|gl|decrúa}}
* {{l|gl|decruar}}
* {{l|gl|recruar}}

===References===
* {{R:gl:DDGM|cruu}}
* {{R:gl:CX|cruu}}
* {{R:gl:DDLG}}
* {{R:gl:TILG}}
* {{R:TLPGP}}

==Italian==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|it|fr|cru}}. {{doublet|it|crudo}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{it-pr|crù*}}

===Noun===
{{it-noun|m|#}}

# {{l|en|cru}} {{gloss|vineyard known for its quality without official rankings}}

==Old French==

===Alternative forms===
* {{l|fro|creu}}

===Etymology===
From {{inh|fro|la|crudus}}.

===Adjective===
{{fro-adj}}

# [[raw]] (uncooked)

====Descendants====
* {{desc|frm|crud}}
** {{desc|fr|cru}}

==Portuguese==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|pt|roa-opt|cruu}}, from {{inh|pt|la|crudus|crūdum}}. Compare {{cog|gl|cru}}, {{cog|es,it|crudo}}, {{cog|fr|cru}}, and {{cog|ro|crud}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{pt-IPA}}
* {{rhymes|pt|u|s=1}}
* {{hyphenation|pt|cru}}

===Adjective===
{{pt-adj|f=crua}}

# [[raw]] {{gloss|uncooked, unprocessed}}

====Derived terms====
{{der4|pt|crua|crueza|cruamente|decruar|encruar}}

====Related terms====
{{rel4|pt|cruel|crueldade|crudelíssimo|crude|crudívoro}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|pov|kru}}