denigrar

Catalan

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin dēnigrāre (“to blacken”). First attested in 1408.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central) [də.niˈɣɾa]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [de.niˈɣɾaɾ]
• IPA^(key): (Northwestern) [de.niˈɣɾa]

• Audio (Barcelona):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -a(ɾ)
• Hyphenation: de‧ni‧grar

Verb

denigrar (first-person singular present denigro, first-person singular preterite denigrí, past participle denigrat)

1. (transitive) to denigrate, to belittle

Conjugation

    Central Catalan conjugation of denigrar (first conjugation)

infinitive			denigrar
gerund			denigrant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		denigrat		denigrada
		plural		denigrats		denigrades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	denigro	denigres	denigra	denigrem	denigreu	denigren
	imperfect	denigrava	denigraves	denigrava	denigràvem	denigràveu	denigraven
	future	denigraré	denigraràs	denigrarà	denigrarem	denigrareu	denigraran
	preterite	denigrí	denigrares	denigrà	denigràrem	denigràreu	denigraren
	conditional	denigraria	denigraries	denigraria	denigraríem	denigraríeu	denigrarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	denigri	denigris	denigri	denigrem	denigreu	denigrin
	imperfect	denigrés	denigressis	denigrés	denigréssim	denigréssiu	denigressin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	denigra	denigri	denigrem	denigreu	denigrin
	negative (no)	—	no denigris	no denigri	no denigrem	no denigreu	no denigrin

Derived terms

• denigració
• denigrador
• denigrant

Related terms

• negre

Further reading

• “denigrar”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• “denigrar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026
• “denigrar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “denigrar”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin dēnigrō, English denigrate, French dénigrer, Italian denigrare, Spanish denigrar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /deniɡrˈar/
• Rhymes: -ar
• Hyphenation: de‧nigr‧ar

Verb

denigrar (present denigras, past denigris, future denigros, conditional denigrus, imperative denigrez) (transitive)

1. to denigrate

Conjugation

Conjugation of denigrar

		present		past		future
infinitive		denigrar		denigrir		denigror
tense		denigras		denigris		denigros
conditional		denigrus		—		—
imperative		denigrez		—		—
adjective active participle		denigranta		denigrinta		denigronta
adverbial active participle		denigrante		denigrinte		denigronte
nominal active participle	singular	denigranto		denigrinto		denigronto
	plural	denigranti		denigrinti		denigronti
adjective passive participle		denigrata		denigrita		denigrota
adverbial passive participle		denigrate		denigrite		denigrote
nominal passive participle	singular	denigrato		denigrito		denigroto
	plural	denigrati		denigriti		denigroti

Further reading

• denigrar in Ido-English Dictionary by L.H. Dyer, 1924

Occitan

Etymology

Inherited from Latin dēnigrāre (“to blacken”).

Pronunciation

• Audio (Béarn):

  (file)

Verb

denigrar

1. to belittle, to denigrate

Conjugation

    Lengadocian (Central Occitan)

		simple			compound
infinitive		denigrar			aver denigrat
gerund		denigrant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		denigrat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	denigri	denigras	denigra	denigram	denigratz	denigran
	imperfect	denigravi	denigravas	denigrava	denigràvem	denigràvetz	denigravan
	preterite	denigrèri	denigrères	denigrèt	denigrèrem	denigrèretz	denigrèron
	future	denigrarai	denigraràs	denigrarà	denigrarem	denigraretz	denigraràn
	conditional	denigrariái	denigrariás	denigrariá	denigrariam	denigrariatz	denigrarián
	conditional 2nd form1	denigrèra	denigrèras	denigrèra	denigreram	denigreratz	denigrèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	denigre	denigres	denigre	denigrem	denigretz	denigren
	imperfect	denigrèssi	denigrèsses	denigrèsse	denigrèssem	denigrèssetz	denigrèsson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			denigra		denigrem	denigratz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Auvernhàs

		simple			compound
infinitive		denigrar			aver denigrat
gerund		denigrant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		denigrat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	denigre	denigres	denigra	denigram	denigratz	denigron
	imperfect	denigrave	denigraves	denigrava	denigraviam	denigraviatz	denigravon
	preterite	denigrere	denigreres	denigret	denigrem	denigretz	denigreron
	future	denigrarai	denigraràs	denigrará	denigrarem	denigraretz	denigrarán
	conditional	denigrariá	denigrariás	denigrariá	denigrariam	denigrariatz	denigrarián
	conditional 2nd form1	denigrèra	denigrèras	denigrèra	denigreram	denigreratz	denigrèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	denigre	denigres	denigre	denigrassiam	denigrassiatz	denigron
	imperfect	denigresse	denigresses	denigresse	denigressiam	denigressiatz	denigresson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			denigra		denigrassiam	denigratz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Gascon

		simple			compound
infinitive		denigrar			aver denigrat
gerund		denigrant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		denigrat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	denigri	denigras	denigra	denigram	denigratz	denigran
	imperfect	denigravi	denigravas	denigrava	denigràvam	denigràvatz	denigravan
	preterite	denigrèi	denigrès	denigrè	denigrèm	denigrètz	denigrèn
	future	denigrarèi	denigraràs	denigrarà	denigraram	denigraratz	denigraràn
	conditional	denigrarí	denigrarés	denigraré	denigrarem	denigraretz	denigrarén
	conditional 2nd form1	denigrèra	denigrèras	denigrèra	denigreram	denigreratz	denigrèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	denigri	denigres	denigre	denigrem	denigretz	denigren
	imperfect	denigrèssi	denigrèsses	denigrèsse	denigrèssem	denigrèssetz	denigrèssen
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			denigra		denigrem	denigratz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Lemosin

		simple			compound
infinitive		denigrar			aver denigrat
gerund		denigrant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		denigrat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	denigre	denigras	denigra	denigram	denigratz	denigran
	imperfect	denigrava	denigravas	denigrava	denigràvam	denigràvatz	denigravan
	preterite	denigrei	denigreras	denigret	denigrèram	denigrèratz	denigreran
	future	denigrarai	denigraràs	denigrará	denigrarem	denigraretz	denigrarán
	conditional	denigrariá	denigrariàs	denigrariá	denigrariam	denigrariatz	denigrarián
	conditional 2nd form1	denigrèra	denigrèras	denigrèra	denigreram	denigreratz	denigrèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	denigre	denigres	denigre	denigrem	denigretz	denigren
	imperfect	denigrèsse	denigrèsses	denigrèsse	denigrèssem	denigrèssetz	denigrèssen
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			denigra		denigrem	denigratz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Provençau

		simple			compound
infinitive		denigrar			aver denigrat
gerund		denigrant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		denigrat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	denigre	denigres	denigra	denigram	denigratz	denigran
	imperfect	denigravi	denigravas	denigrava	denigràvem	denigràvetz	denigravan
	preterite	denigrère	denigrères	denigrèt	denigreriam	denigreriatz	denigrèron
	future	denigrarai	denigraràs	denigrarà	denigrarem	denigraretz	denigraràn
	conditional	denigrariáu	denigrariás	denigrariá	denigrariam	denigrariatz	denigrarián
	conditional 2nd form1	denigrèra	denigrèras	denigrèra	denigreram	denigreratz	denigrèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	denigre	denigres	denigre	denigrem	denigretz	denigran
	imperfect	denigrèsse	denigrèsses	denigrèsse	denigressiam	denigressiatz	denigrèsson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			denigra		denigrem	denigratz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

Spanish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *de

Proto-Indo-European *-h₁

Proto-Indo-European *déh₁

Proto-Italic *dē

Latin dē

Latin dē-

Proto-Indo-European *negʷ-?

Latin niger

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -ō

Latin nigrō

Latin dēnigrāre

Spanish denigrar

Inherited from Latin dēnigrāre (“to blacken”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /deniˈɡɾaɾ/ [d̪e.niˈɣ̞ɾaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: de‧ni‧grar

Verb

denigrar (first-person singular present denigro, first-person singular preterite denigré, past participle denigrado)

1. to denigrate

   Synonym: detraer

Conjugation

    Conjugation of denigrar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			denigrar
gerund			denigrando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		denigrado		denigrada
		plural		denigrados		denigradas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	denigro	denigrastú denigrásvos	denigra	denigramos	denigráis	denigran
	imperfect	denigraba	denigrabas	denigraba	denigrábamos	denigrabais	denigraban
	preterite	denigré	denigraste	denigró	denigramos	denigrasteis	denigraron
	future	denigraré	denigrarás	denigrará	denigraremos	denigraréis	denigrarán
	conditional	denigraría	denigrarías	denigraría	denigraríamos	denigraríais	denigrarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	denigre	denigrestú denigrésvos2	denigre	denigremos	denigréis	denigren
	imperfect (ra)	denigrara	denigraras	denigrara	denigráramos	denigrarais	denigraran
	imperfect (se)	denigrase	denigrases	denigrase	denigrásemos	denigraseis	denigrasen
	future1	denigrare	denigrares	denigrare	denigráremos	denigrareis	denigraren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		denigratú denigrávos	denigre	denigremos	denigrad	denigren
	negative		no denigres	no denigre	no denigremos	no denigréis	no denigren

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of denigrar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive denigrar	dative	denigrarme	denigrarte	denigrarle, denigrarse	denigrarnos	denigraros	denigrarles, denigrarse
	accusative	denigrarme	denigrarte	denigrarlo, denigrarla, denigrarse	denigrarnos	denigraros	denigrarlos, denigrarlas, denigrarse
with gerund denigrando	dative	denigrándome	denigrándote	denigrándole, denigrándose	denigrándonos	denigrándoos	denigrándoles, denigrándose
	accusative	denigrándome	denigrándote	denigrándolo, denigrándola, denigrándose	denigrándonos	denigrándoos	denigrándolos, denigrándolas, denigrándose
with informal second-person singular tuteo imperative denigra	dative	denígrame	denígrate	denígrale	denígranos	not used	denígrales
	accusative	denígrame	denígrate	denígralo, denígrala	denígranos	not used	denígralos, denígralas
with informal second-person singular voseo imperative denigrá	dative	denigrame	denigrate	denigrale	denigranos	not used	denigrales
	accusative	denigrame	denigrate	denigralo, denigrala	denigranos	not used	denigralos, denigralas
with formal second-person singular imperative denigre	dative	denígreme	not used	denígrele, denígrese	denígrenos	not used	denígreles
	accusative	denígreme	not used	denígrelo, denígrela, denígrese	denígrenos	not used	denígrelos, denígrelas
with first-person plural imperative denigremos	dative	not used	denigrémoste	denigrémosle	denigrémonos	denigrémoos	denigrémosles
	accusative	not used	denigrémoste	denigrémoslo, denigrémosla	denigrémonos	denigrémoos	denigrémoslos, denigrémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative denigrad	dative	denigradme	not used	denigradle	denigradnos	denigraos	denigradles
	accusative	denigradme	not used	denigradlo, denigradla	denigradnos	denigraos	denigradlos, denigradlas
with formal second-person plural imperative denigren	dative	denígrenme	not used	denígrenle	denígrennos	not used	denígrenles, denígrense
	accusative	denígrenme	not used	denígrenlo, denígrenla	denígrennos	not used	denígrenlos, denígrenlas, denígrense

Derived terms

• denigración
• denigrante

Further reading

• “denigrar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025