enged
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Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Uncertain. Possibly from a Turkic language + -ed (frequentative-instantaneous suffix).[1] Róna-Tas proposes a borrowing from West Old Turkic *äŋ-, which would occur before Hungarians migrated to Carpathian basin in 10th century.[2] See Proto-Turkic *eg- for more.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]enged
- (intransitive) to give way, give in, yield, cede, succumb (to some force: -nak/-nek)
- Antonyms: ellenáll (“to withstand”), ragaszkodik (“to insist”)
- (intransitive) to concede, give ground, yield, retreat, relax, budge (in an argument; from one’s stance: -ból/-ből)
- (transitive) to allow, permit
- Synonyms: engedélyez, hagy
- Antonyms: tilt, megtilt
- (transitive) to run (to make a liquid flow; to make liquid flow from an object)
- (transitive) to take a certain amount less, remit (reduce amount e.g. by giving discount; out of some price: -ból/-ből, with the amount of reduction in the accusative)
- Tíz százalékot tudok engedni az árból. ― I can reduce the price by ten percent or I can take ten percent less.
- (intransitive, e.g. of a knot or noose) to ease, slacken
- (intransitive, chiefly of frost) break, ease, cease, subside, let up (to become less severe)
- Synonyms: enyhül, mérséklődik
- (intransitive, of color of a dye in washing) to bleed (to spread from the intended location and stain the surrounding cloth)
- Synonym: ereszt
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of enged
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | engedek | engedsz | enged | engedünk | engedtek | engednek | |
Def. | engedem | engeded | engedi | engedjük | engeditek | engedik | |||
2nd-p. o. | engedlek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | engedtem | engedtél | engedett | engedtünk | engedtetek | engedtek | ||
Def. | engedtem | engedted | engedte | engedtük | engedtétek | engedték | |||
2nd-p. o. | engedtelek | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. engedni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | engedék | engedél | engede | engedénk | engedétek | engedének | ||
Def. | engedém | engedéd | engedé | engedénk | engedétek | engedék | |||
2nd-p. o. | engedélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. enged vala, engedett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | engedendek | engedendesz | engedend | engedendünk | engedendetek | engedendenek | ||
Def. | engedendem | engedended | engedendi | engedendjük | engedenditek | engedendik | |||
2nd-p. o. | engedendelek | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | engednék | engednél | engedne | engednénk | engednétek | engednének | |
Def. | engedném | engednéd | engedné | engednénk (or engednők) |
engednétek | engednék | |||
2nd-p. o. | engednélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. engedett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | engedjek | engedj or engedjél |
engedjen | engedjünk | engedjetek | engedjenek | |
Def. | engedjem | engedd or engedjed |
engedje | engedjük | engedjétek | engedjék | |||
2nd-p. o. | engedjelek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. engedett légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | engedni | engednem | engedned | engednie | engednünk | engednetek | engedniük | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
engedés | engedő | engedett | engedendő | engedve (engedvén) | engedtet | ||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
potential conjugation of enged
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | engedhetek | engedhetsz | engedhet | engedhetünk | engedhettek | engedhetnek | |
Def. | engedhetem | engedheted | engedheti | engedhetjük | engedhetitek | engedhetik | |||
2nd-p. o. | engedhetlek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | engedhettem | engedhettél | engedhetett | engedhettünk | engedhettetek | engedhettek | ||
Def. | engedhettem | engedhetted | engedhette | engedhettük | engedhettétek | engedhették | |||
2nd-p. o. | engedhettelek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | engedheték | engedhetél | engedhete | engedheténk | engedhetétek | engedhetének | ||
Def. | engedhetém | engedhetéd | engedheté | engedheténk | engedhetétek | engedheték | |||
2nd-p. o. | engedhetélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. engedhet vala, engedhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | engedhetendek or engedandhatok |
engedhetendesz or engedandhatsz |
engedhetend or engedandhat |
engedhetendünk or engedandhatunk |
engedhetendetek or engedandhattok |
engedhetendenek or engedandhatnak | ||
Def. | engedhetendem or engedandhatom |
engedhetended or engedandhatod |
engedhetendi or engedandhatja |
engedhetendjük or engedandhatjuk |
engedhetenditek or engedandhatjátok |
engedhetendik or engedandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | engedhetendelek or engedandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | engedhetnék | engedhetnél | engedhetne | engedhetnénk | engedhetnétek | engedhetnének | |
Def. | engedhetném | engedhetnéd | engedhetné | engedhetnénk (or engedhetnők) |
engedhetnétek | engedhetnék | |||
2nd-p. o. | engedhetnélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. engedhetett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | engedhessek | engedhess or engedhessél |
engedhessen | engedhessünk | engedhessetek | engedhessenek | |
Def. | engedhessem | engedhesd or engedhessed |
engedhesse | engedhessük | engedhessétek | engedhessék | |||
2nd-p. o. | engedhesselek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. engedhetett légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (engedhetni) | (engedhetnem) | (engedhetned) | (engedhetnie) | (engedhetnünk) | (engedhetnetek) | (engedhetniük) | ||
Positive adjective | engedhető | Neg. adj. | engedhetetlen | Adv. part. | (engedhetve / engedhetvén) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit](With verbal prefixes):
Expressions
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Romanian: îngădui
References
[edit]- ^ enged in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- ^ Róna-Tas, András, Berta, Árpád, Károly, László (2011) “enged”, in West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 317-320
Further reading
[edit]- enged in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- enged in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).
Categories:
- Hungarian terms with unknown etymologies
- Hungarian terms derived from Turkic languages
- Hungarian verbs suffixed with -ed
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛd
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛd/2 syllables
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian verbs
- Hungarian intransitive verbs
- Hungarian verbs taking -nak/-nek
- Hungarian verbs taking -ból/-ből
- Hungarian transitive verbs
- Hungarian terms with usage examples