escravo

Galician

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin sclavus (“slave”). First attested in 1460.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /esˈkɾabo/ [es̺ˈkɾa.β̞ʊ]
• Rhymes: -abo
• Hyphenation: es‧cra‧vo

Noun

escravo m (plural escravos, feminine escrava, feminine plural escravas)

1. slave

Adjective

escravo (feminine escrava, masculine plural escravos, feminine plural escravas)

1. enslaved
   • 1885, O Tío Marcos da Portela, II, 60, page 1:

     Poucos terán boas lembranzas do ano que se foi, porque escomenzou mal e non poido acabar pior. O inverno foi crúo, a primadeira esmorecida e chuviosa, o vrau abafante, o outono desleigado. Día por día pasáro-no contando os seus traballos e coitas os labregos, agardando pola súa redención os que viven escravos dos caciques d'aldea, pensando na súa terriña os emigrantes que morren lonxe dela, aduanando falcatruadas os que trunfan e medran á conta dos máis

     Few people will have good memories of last year, because it started badly and couldn't have ended worse: winter was harsh, spring rainy and faint, summer stifling, autumn sloppy. Day after day, the peasant spent their time telling about their troubles and disgraces, waiting for their redemption the ones who live enslaved by village tyrants, longing their land the emigrants who die far away from her, plotting frauds those who trump and grow at the expense of others.

2. (figurative) harsh, difficult, demanding

Derived terms

• escravismo
• escravitude
• escravizar

References

• Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “escravo”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “escravo”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “escravo”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “escravo”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Portuguese

Alternative forms

• iscravo (eye-dialect)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Slavic *Slovǫta

Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ēnas

Proto-Indo-European *-nós

Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos

Proto-Slavic *-inъ

Proto-Slavic *-ěninъ

Proto-Slavic *slověninъder.

Byzantine Greek Σκλᾰ́βος (Sklắbos)der.

Late Latin Sclavus

Medieval Latin sclavuslbor.

Portuguese escravo

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin sclavus (“slave”). Doublet of eslavo, esloveno, esclavão / eslavão, and tchau / chau.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /isˈkɾa.vu/, /esˈkɾa.vu/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /isˈkɾa.vu/, /esˈkɾa.vu/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /iʃˈkɾa.vu/, /eʃˈkɾa.vu/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /esˈkɾa.vo/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʃˈkɾa.vu/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʃˈkɾa.vu/
  • (Northern Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʃˈkɾa.bu/ [(i)ʃˈkɾa.βu]

• Audio (Brazil (Caipira)):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -avu, (Northern Portugal) -abu
• Hyphenation: es‧cra‧vo

Noun

escravo m (plural escravos, feminine escrava, feminine plural escravas)

1. slave (person owned as property)

   Synonym: (historical) cativo

2. slave (person forced to work against their will)

   Synonym: servo

3. (figuratively) slave (person in a servile condition)
4. (figuratively) slave (one who is completely enthralled or controlled by a given entity or phenomenon)
5. (computing) slave (device subject to control by another device)

   Antonym: mestre

6. (BDSM) slave (submissive partner in BDSM play)

Derived terms

• escravagismo
• escravagista
• escravar
  • escravaria
• escraviário
• escravidão
• escravismo
• escravista
• escravizar
  • escravização
  • escravizado
  • escravizador
  • escravizante
• escravo sexual
• escravoceta
• escravocracia
• escravocrata

Adjective

escravo (feminine escrava, masculine plural escravos, feminine plural escravas)

1. involving or relating to slavery

Further reading

• “escravo”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “escravo”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026