execrar

Portuguese

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ

Proto-Indo-European *-s

Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs

Proto-Italic *eks

Latin ex

Latin ex-

Proto-Indo-European *seh₂k-

Proto-Indo-European *-rós

Proto-Indo-European *sh₂krós

Proto-Italic *sakros

Archaic Latin sakros

Old Latin sacros

Old Latin *sakr̥s

Old Latin *sakerr

Latin sacer

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -or

Latin exsēcrārīder.

Portuguese execrar

Derived from Latin exsēcrārī (“to curse, execrate”).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /e.zeˈkɾa(ʁ)/ [e.zeˈkɾa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /e.zeˈkɾa(ʁ)/ [e.zeˈkɾa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /e.zeˈkɾa(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /e.zeˈkɾa(ʁ)/ [e.zeˈkɾa(χ)]
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /e.zeˈkɾa(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /i.zɨˈkɾaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /i.zɨˈkɾaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /i.zɨˈkɾa.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: e‧xe‧crar

Verb

execrar (first-person singular present execro, first-person singular preterite execrei, past participle execrado)

1. to execrate

Conjugation

    Conjugation of execrar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	execrar
Personal	execrar	execrares	execrar	execrarmos	execrardes	execrarem
Gerund
	execrando
Past participle
Masculine	execrado			execrados
Feminine	execrada			execradas
Indicative
Present	execro	execras	execra	execramos	execrais	execram
Imperfect	execrava	execravas	execrava	execrávamos	execráveis	execravam
Preterite	execrei	execraste	execrou	execramos1, execrámos2	execrastes	execraram
Pluperfect	execrara	execraras	execrara	execráramos	execráreis	execraram
Future	execrarei	execrarás	execrará	execraremos	execrareis	execrarão
Conditional	execraria	execrarias	execraria	execraríamos	execraríeis	execrariam
Subjunctive
Present	execre	execres	execre	execremos	execreis	execrem
Imperfect	execrasse	execrasses	execrasse	execrássemos	execrásseis	execrassem
Future	execrar	execrares	execrar	execrarmos	execrardes	execrarem
Imperative
Affirmative		execra	execre	execremos	execrai	execrem
Negative (não)		não execres	não execre	não execremos	não execreis	não execrem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Related terms

• execrável

Further reading

• “execrar”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “execrar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Spanish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ

Proto-Indo-European *-s

Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs

Proto-Italic *eks

Latin ex

Latin ex-

Proto-Indo-European *seh₂k-

Proto-Indo-European *-rós

Proto-Indo-European *sh₂krós

Proto-Italic *sakros

Archaic Latin sakros

Old Latin sacros

Old Latin *sakr̥s

Old Latin *sakerr

Latin sacer

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -or

Latin exsēcrārīder.

Spanish execrar

Derived from Latin exsēcrārī (“to curse, execrate”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eɡseˈkɾaɾ/ [eɣ̞.seˈkɾaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: e‧xe‧crar

Verb

execrar (first-person singular present execro, first-person singular preterite execré, past participle execrado)

1. to execrate

Conjugation

    Conjugation of execrar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			execrar
gerund			execrando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		execrado		execrada
		plural		execrados		execradas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	execro	execrastú execrásvos	execra	execramos	execráis	execran
	imperfect	execraba	execrabas	execraba	execrábamos	execrabais	execraban
	preterite	execré	execraste	execró	execramos	execrasteis	execraron
	future	execraré	execrarás	execrará	execraremos	execraréis	execrarán
	conditional	execraría	execrarías	execraría	execraríamos	execraríais	execrarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	execre	execrestú execrésvos2	execre	execremos	execréis	execren
	imperfect (ra)	execrara	execraras	execrara	execráramos	execrarais	execraran
	imperfect (se)	execrase	execrases	execrase	execrásemos	execraseis	execrasen
	future1	execrare	execrares	execrare	execráremos	execrareis	execraren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		execratú execrávos	execre	execremos	execrad	execren
	negative		no execres	no execre	no execremos	no execréis	no execren

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of execrar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive execrar	dative	execrarme	execrarte	execrarle, execrarse	execrarnos	execraros	execrarles, execrarse
	accusative	execrarme	execrarte	execrarlo, execrarla, execrarse	execrarnos	execraros	execrarlos, execrarlas, execrarse
with gerund execrando	dative	execrándome	execrándote	execrándole, execrándose	execrándonos	execrándoos	execrándoles, execrándose
	accusative	execrándome	execrándote	execrándolo, execrándola, execrándose	execrándonos	execrándoos	execrándolos, execrándolas, execrándose
with informal second-person singular tuteo imperative execra	dative	exécrame	exécrate	exécrale	exécranos	not used	exécrales
	accusative	exécrame	exécrate	exécralo, exécrala	exécranos	not used	exécralos, exécralas
with informal second-person singular voseo imperative execrá	dative	execrame	execrate	execrale	execranos	not used	execrales
	accusative	execrame	execrate	execralo, execrala	execranos	not used	execralos, execralas
with formal second-person singular imperative execre	dative	exécreme	not used	exécrele, exécrese	exécrenos	not used	exécreles
	accusative	exécreme	not used	exécrelo, exécrela, exécrese	exécrenos	not used	exécrelos, exécrelas
with first-person plural imperative execremos	dative	not used	execrémoste	execrémosle	execrémonos	execrémoos	execrémosles
	accusative	not used	execrémoste	execrémoslo, execrémosla	execrémonos	execrémoos	execrémoslos, execrémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative execrad	dative	execradme	not used	execradle	execradnos	execraos	execradles
	accusative	execradme	not used	execradlo, execradla	execradnos	execraos	execradlos, execradlas
with formal second-person plural imperative execren	dative	exécrenme	not used	exécrenle	exécrennos	not used	exécrenles, exécrense
	accusative	exécrenme	not used	exécrenlo, exécrenla	exécrennos	not used	exécrenlos, exécrenlas, exécrense

Further reading

• “execrar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025