exhortar

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from English exhort, French exhorter, Italian esortare, Spanish exhortar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ekshorˈtar/, /eɡzhorˈtar/

Verb

exhortar (present tense exhortas, past tense exhortis, future tense exhortos, imperative exhortez, conditional exhortus)

1. (transitive) to exhort, urge, try to persuade

Conjugation

Conjugation of exhortar

		present		past		future
infinitive		exhortar		exhortir		exhortor
tense		exhortas		exhortis		exhortos
conditional		exhortus		—		—
imperative		exhortez		—		—
adjective active participle		exhortanta		exhortinta		exhortonta
adverbial active participle		exhortante		exhortinte		exhortonte
nominal active participle	singular	exhortanto		exhortinto		exhortonto
	plural	exhortanti		exhortinti		exhortonti
adjective passive participle		exhortata		exhortita		exhortota
adverbial passive participle		exhortate		exhortite		exhortote
nominal passive participle	singular	exhortato		exhortito		exhortoto
	plural	exhortati		exhortiti		exhortoti

Portuguese

Verb

exhortar (first-person singular present exhorto, first-person singular preterite exhortei, past participle exhortado)

1. obsolete form of exortar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of exhortar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	exhortar
Personal	exhortar	exhortares	exhortar	exhortarmos	exhortardes	exhortarem
Gerund
	exhortando
Past participle
Masculine	exhortado			exhortados
Feminine	exhortada			exhortadas
Indicative
Present	exhorto	exhortas	exhorta	exhortamos	exhortais	exhortam
Imperfect	exhortava	exhortavas	exhortava	exhortávamos	exhortáveis	exhortavam
Preterite	exhortei	exhortaste	exhortou	exhortamos1, exhortámos2	exhortastes	exhortaram
Pluperfect	exhortara	exhortaras	exhortara	exhortáramos	exhortáreis	exhortaram
Future	exhortarei	exhortarás	exhortará	exhortaremos	exhortareis	exhortarão
Conditional	exhortaria	exhortarias	exhortaria	exhortaríamos	exhortaríeis	exhortariam
Subjunctive
Present	exhorte	exhortes	exhorte	exhortemos	exhorteis	exhortem
Imperfect	exhortasse	exhortasses	exhortasse	exhortássemos	exhortásseis	exhortassem
Future	exhortar	exhortares	exhortar	exhortarmos	exhortardes	exhortarem
Imperative
Affirmative		exhorta	exhorte	exhortemos	exhortai	exhortem
Negative (não)		não exhortes	não exhorte	não exhortemos	não exhorteis	não exhortem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Spanish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ

Proto-Indo-European *-s

Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs

Proto-Italic *eks

Latin ex

Latin ex-

Latin hortor

Latin exhortārīlbor.

Spanish exhortar

Learned borrowing from Latin exhortārī.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eɡsoɾˈtaɾ/ [eɣ̞.soɾˈt̪aɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: ex‧hor‧tar

Verb

exhortar (first-person singular present exhorto, first-person singular preterite exhorté, past participle exhortado)

1. (transitive) to exhort

Conjugation

    Conjugation of exhortar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			exhortar
gerund			exhortando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		exhortado		exhortada
		plural		exhortados		exhortadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	exhorto	exhortastú exhortásvos	exhorta	exhortamos	exhortáis	exhortan
	imperfect	exhortaba	exhortabas	exhortaba	exhortábamos	exhortabais	exhortaban
	preterite	exhorté	exhortaste	exhortó	exhortamos	exhortasteis	exhortaron
	future	exhortaré	exhortarás	exhortará	exhortaremos	exhortaréis	exhortarán
	conditional	exhortaría	exhortarías	exhortaría	exhortaríamos	exhortaríais	exhortarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	exhorte	exhortestú exhortésvos2	exhorte	exhortemos	exhortéis	exhorten
	imperfect (ra)	exhortara	exhortaras	exhortara	exhortáramos	exhortarais	exhortaran
	imperfect (se)	exhortase	exhortases	exhortase	exhortásemos	exhortaseis	exhortasen
	future1	exhortare	exhortares	exhortare	exhortáremos	exhortareis	exhortaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		exhortatú exhortávos	exhorte	exhortemos	exhortad	exhorten
	negative		no exhortes	no exhorte	no exhortemos	no exhortéis	no exhorten

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of exhortar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive exhortar	dative	exhortarme	exhortarte	exhortarle, exhortarse	exhortarnos	exhortaros	exhortarles, exhortarse
	accusative	exhortarme	exhortarte	exhortarlo, exhortarla, exhortarse	exhortarnos	exhortaros	exhortarlos, exhortarlas, exhortarse
with gerund exhortando	dative	exhortándome	exhortándote	exhortándole, exhortándose	exhortándonos	exhortándoos	exhortándoles, exhortándose
	accusative	exhortándome	exhortándote	exhortándolo, exhortándola, exhortándose	exhortándonos	exhortándoos	exhortándolos, exhortándolas, exhortándose
with informal second-person singular tuteo imperative exhorta	dative	exhórtame	exhórtate	exhórtale	exhórtanos	not used	exhórtales
	accusative	exhórtame	exhórtate	exhórtalo, exhórtala	exhórtanos	not used	exhórtalos, exhórtalas
with informal second-person singular voseo imperative exhortá	dative	exhortame	exhortate	exhortale	exhortanos	not used	exhortales
	accusative	exhortame	exhortate	exhortalo, exhortala	exhortanos	not used	exhortalos, exhortalas
with formal second-person singular imperative exhorte	dative	exhórteme	not used	exhórtele, exhórtese	exhórtenos	not used	exhórteles
	accusative	exhórteme	not used	exhórtelo, exhórtela, exhórtese	exhórtenos	not used	exhórtelos, exhórtelas
with first-person plural imperative exhortemos	dative	not used	exhortémoste	exhortémosle	exhortémonos	exhortémoos	exhortémosles
	accusative	not used	exhortémoste	exhortémoslo, exhortémosla	exhortémonos	exhortémoos	exhortémoslos, exhortémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative exhortad	dative	exhortadme	not used	exhortadle	exhortadnos	exhortaos	exhortadles
	accusative	exhortadme	not used	exhortadlo, exhortadla	exhortadnos	exhortaos	exhortadlos, exhortadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative exhorten	dative	exhórtenme	not used	exhórtenle	exhórtennos	not used	exhórtenles, exhórtense
	accusative	exhórtenme	not used	exhórtenlo, exhórtenla	exhórtennos	not used	exhórtenlos, exhórtenlas, exhórtense

Related terms

• exhortación
• exhortativo
• exhortatorio

Further reading

• “exhortar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025