exspecto

Latin

Alternative forms

expectō

Etymology

From ex- (“out”) +‎ spectō (“to look at”), frequentative of speciō (“to see”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ɛks(ː)pɛk.toː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [eksˈspɛk.to]

Verb

exspectō (present infinitive exspectāre, perfect active exspectāvī, supine exspectātum); first conjugation

to wait for, await
Synonyms: opperior, maneō
- 166 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Andria 34:
  Exspectō quid velīs.
  I am waiting: what is it you want?, or, I await your pleasure (what you wish).
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.429–430:
  “Quō ruit? Extrēmum hoc miserae det mūnus amantī:
  exspectet facilemque fugam ventōsque ferentīs.”
  “Where is he hurrying? Let him grant this final favor to a wretched lover: May he wait for fair winds and an easier flight.”
  (Dido gives Anna the petition to Aeneas using the third-person jussive subjunctive: det, exspectet.)
to look for, expect
Synonym: spērō
to have need of, require
Synonyms: requīrō, egeō

Conjugation

Conjugation of exspectō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	exspectō	exspectās		exspectat	exspectāmus	exspectātis		exspectant
	imperfect	exspectābam	exspectābās		exspectābat	exspectābāmus	exspectābātis		exspectābant
	future	exspectābō	exspectābis		exspectābit	exspectābimus	exspectābitis		exspectābunt
	perfect	exspectāvī	exspectāvistī, exspectāstī¹		exspectāvit, exspectāt¹	exspectāvimus, exspectāmus¹	exspectāvistis, exspectāstis¹		exspectāvērunt, exspectārunt, exspectāvēre¹
	pluperfect	exspectāveram, exspectāram¹	exspectāverās, exspectārās¹		exspectāverat, exspectārat¹	exspectāverāmus, exspectārāmus¹	exspectāverātis, exspectārātis¹		exspectāverant, exspectārant¹
	future perfect	exspectāverō, exspectārō¹	exspectāveris, exspectāris¹		exspectāverit, exspectārit¹	exspectāverimus, exspectārimus¹	exspectāveritis, exspectāritis¹		exspectāverint, exspectārint¹
passive	present	exspector	exspectāris, exspectāre		exspectātur	exspectāmur	exspectāminī		exspectantur
	imperfect	exspectābar	exspectābāris, exspectābāre		exspectābātur	exspectābāmur	exspectābāminī		exspectābantur
	future	exspectābor	exspectāberis, exspectābere		exspectābitur	exspectābimur	exspectābiminī		exspectābuntur
	perfect	exspectātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	exspectātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	exspectātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	exspectem	exspectēs		exspectet	exspectēmus	exspectētis		exspectent
	imperfect	exspectārem	exspectārēs		exspectāret	exspectārēmus	exspectārētis		exspectārent
	perfect	exspectāverim, exspectārim¹	exspectāverīs, exspectārīs¹		exspectāverit, exspectārit¹	exspectāverīmus, exspectārīmus¹	exspectāverītis, exspectārītis¹		exspectāverint, exspectārint¹
	pluperfect	exspectāvissem, exspectāssem¹	exspectāvissēs, exspectāssēs¹		exspectāvisset, exspectāsset¹	exspectāvissēmus, exspectāssēmus¹	exspectāvissētis, exspectāssētis¹		exspectāvissent, exspectāssent¹
passive	present	exspecter	exspectēris, exspectēre		exspectētur	exspectēmur	exspectēminī		exspectentur
	imperfect	exspectārer	exspectārēris, exspectārēre		exspectārētur	exspectārēmur	exspectārēminī		exspectārentur
	perfect	exspectātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	exspectātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	exspectā		—	—	exspectāte		—
active	future	—	exspectātō		exspectātō	—	exspectātōte		exspectantō
passive	present	—	exspectāre		—	—	exspectāminī		—
passive	future	—	exspectātor		exspectātor	—	—		exspectantor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		exspectāre		exspectārī		exspectāns		—
future		exspectātūrum esse		exspectātum īrī		exspectātūrus		exspectandus
perfect		exspectāvisse, exspectāsse¹		exspectātum esse		—		exspectātus
future perfect		—		exspectātum fore		—		—
perfect potential		exspectātūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		exspectandī	exspectandō		exspectandum	exspectandō	exspectātum		exspectātū

¹At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Derived terms

exspectātiō

Descendants

Emilian: asptèr
>? Galician: espeitar
Italian: aspettare
Neapolitan: aspettare
Sicilian: aspittari
→ English: expect
→⇒ French: expectative
→ Portuguese: expectar
→ Spanish: expectar

References

“exspecto”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“exspecto”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
“exspecto”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to be waiting in suspense for..: suspenso animo exspectare aliquid
William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1895–1910), “expect”, in The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.