feedback

See also: Feedback

English

Etymology

From feed +‎ back.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfiːdˌbæk/

Noun

feedback (usually uncountable, plural feedbacks)

1. Critical assessment of a process or activity or of their results.

   After you hand in your essays, I will give both grades and feedback.

2. (cybernetics, systems) The signal that is looped back to control a system within itself.
   • Oliver Sacks, Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain

     The fact that similar cortical abnormalities can be experimentally induced in monkeys has allowed Michael Merzenich and his colleagues in San Francisco to explore an animal model of focal dystonia, and to demonstrate the abnormal feedbacks in the sensory loop and the motor misfirings that, once started, grow relentlessly worse.

3. The high-pitched howling noise heard when there is a loop between a microphone and a speaker.

Usage notes

• Adjectives often used with "feedback": positive, negative, delayed, linear, nonlinear, etc.

Synonyms

• (noise): Larsen effect, howlback, howlround

Hypernyms

• back

Hyponyms

• negative feedback
• positive feedback

Coordinate terms

• buffering
• feedforward
• howlback

Derived terms

• biofeedback
• feedbacker

Related terms

• feedback control
• feedback loop

Descendants

• Spanish: retroalimentación (calque)

Translations

critical assessment of process or activity

• Arabic: تَلْقِيم اِسْتِرْجَاعِيّ m (talqīm istirjāʕiyy), تَقْيِيم m (taqyīm)
• Belarusian: во́дзыў m (vódzyŭ), адкліка́нне n (adklikánnje)
• Catalan: resposta (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 反饋／反馈 (zh) (fǎnkuì), 反馈 (zh) (fǎnkuì), 反應／反应 (zh) (fǎnyìng), 反应 (zh) (fǎnyìng)

• Czech: zpětná vazba f, zpětný názor m
• Dutch: terugkoppeling (nl)
• Esperanto: retrokuplo
• Finnish: palaute (fi)
• French: évaluation (fr) f, réaction (fr) f
• Georgian: უკუკავშირი (uḳuḳavširi), ფიდბექი (pidbeki)
• German: Feedback (de) n, Rückmeldung (de) f
• Greek: ανάδραση (el) f (anádrasi)
• Hebrew: פִידְבֶּק (he) m (fídbek)
• Hungarian: visszajelzés (hu)
• Indonesian: umpan balik (id), balikan (id), masukan (id), masukan balik
• Irish: aiseolas m
• Italian: valutazione (it) f, riscontro (it) m, risposta (it) f
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Japanese: フィードバック (ja) (fīdobakku), 反応 (ja) (はんのう, hannō)
• Malay: maklum balas
• Maori: kōrero whakahoki
• Polish: informacje zwrotne, uwagi, opinia zwrotna f
• Portuguese: comentário (pt) m, avaliação (pt) f, feedback (pt) m
• Romanian: reacție (ro) f
• Russian: о́тзыв (ru) m (ótzyv), о́тклик (ru) m (ótklik), обра́тная связь (ru) f (obrátnaja svjazʹ), оце́нка (ru) f (océnka)
• Serbo-Croatian: povratna informacija f, povratne informacije, povratno mišljenje n
• Slovak: spätná väzba f
• Slovene: povratne informacije, povratno mnenje n
• Spanish: feedback m, valoración (es) f, comentario (es) m, reacción (es) f
• Swedish: feedback (sv) c
• Turkish: geri bildirim (tr)
• Ukrainian: зворотний зв’язок (zvorotnyj zvʺjazok), відкли́кання n (vidklýkannja), відклика́ння n (vidklykánnja)
• Vietnamese: sự phản hồi (vi)
• Walloon: ritripaedje (wa) m, rispitaedje (wa) m
• West Frisian: weromkeppeling

signal that is looped back to control a system within itself

• Armenian: հետադարձ կապ (hy) (hetadarj kap)
• Bulgarian: обратна връзка f (obratna vrǎzka)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 反饋／反馈 (zh) (fǎnkuì), 反馈 (zh) (fǎnkuì), 反饋信號／反馈信号 (fǎnkuì xìnhào), 反馈信号 (fǎnkuì xìnhào)

• Czech: zpětná vazba f
• Esperanto: retroefiko, retroago
• Finnish: takaisinkytkentä, palaute (fi)
• French: rétroaction (fr) f
• Georgian: უკუკავშირი (uḳuḳavširi), უკურეაქცია (uḳureakcia)
• German: Rückkopplung (de) f, Feedback (de) n
• Greek: ανάδραση (el) f (anádrasi), ανατροφοδότηση (el) f (anatrofodótisi)
• Hebrew: פִידְבֶּק (he) m (fídbek)
• Hungarian: visszacsatolás (hu)
• Italian: retroazione (it) f
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Japanese: please add this translation if you can
• Malay: suap balik
• Maori: maiorooro
• Polish: sprzężenie zwrotne n
• Portuguese: retroalimentação (pt) f, realimentação f
• Romanian: reacție (ro) f, efect retroactiv n, conexiune inversă (ro) f
• Russian: обра́тная связь (ru) f (obrátnaja svjazʹ), фи́дбэк (ru) m (fídbɛk)
• Serbo-Croatian: povratna sprega f
• Slovak: spätná väzba f
• Spanish: retroacción f, realimentación (es) f, retroalimentación (es) f, feedback m
• Swedish: återkoppling (sv) f
• Turkish: geri besleme (tr)
• Ukrainian: зворо́тний зв’язок (zvorótnyj zvʺjazok)
• Vietnamese: sự hoàn ngược, sự phản hồi (vi)

howling noise

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: please add this translation if you can

• Finnish: kierto (fi)
• French: effet Larsen m
• German: (akustische) Rückkopplung (de) f, Feedback (de) n
• Hebrew: פִידְבֶּק (he) m (fídbek)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Hungarian: gerjedés
• Italian: ritorno (it) m
• Maori: maiorooro
• Portuguese: microfonia (pt) f
• Slovak: spätná väzba
• Spanish: acople (es) m, retroalimentación (es) f, retroalimentación acústica f
• Swedish: rundgång (sv)
• Vietnamese: sự nối tiếp (vi)

Verb

feedback (third-person singular simple present feedbacks, present participle feedbacking, simple past and past participle feedbacked)

1. (music) To generate the high-frequency sound by allowing a speaker to cause vibration of the sound generator of a musical instrument connected by an amplifier to the speaker.

   The show ended with a riot of feedbacking guitars.

2. (transitive) To provide informational feedback to.

   His employees feedbacked him a lot more than he wanted.

3. (transitive) To convey by means of specialized communications channel.

   Customers feedbacked their complaints and some praise.

Usage notes

• Some are likely to prefer "feed back" and its inflected forms "feeds back", "feeding back", or "fed back".

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Danish

Etymology

From English feedback.

Noun

feedback c (singular definite feedbacken, not used in plural form)

1. feedback (clarification of this definition is needed)

Synonyms

• respons
• tilbagemelding
• tilbagekobling

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Finnish

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English feedback.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfiːdbæk/, [ˈfiːdbæk]

Noun

feedback

1. (jargon) feedback

Declension

Inflection of feedback (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative		feedback	feedbackit
genitive		feedbackin	feedbackien
partitive		feedbackiä	feedbackejä
illative		feedbackiin	feedbackeihin
		singular	plural
nominative		feedback	feedbackit
accusative	nom.	feedback	feedbackit
	gen.	feedbackin
genitive		feedbackin	feedbackien
partitive		feedbackiä	feedbackejä
inessive		feedbackissä	feedbackeissä
elative		feedbackistä	feedbackeistä
illative		feedbackiin	feedbackeihin
adessive		feedbackillä	feedbackeillä
ablative		feedbackiltä	feedbackeiltä
allative		feedbackille	feedbackeille
essive		feedbackinä	feedbackeinä
translative		feedbackiksi	feedbackeiksi
abessive		feedbackittä	feedbackeittä
instructive		—	feedbackein
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of feedback (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative feedbackini feedbackini accusative nom. feedbackini feedbackini gen. feedbackini genitive feedbackini feedbackieni partitive feedbackiäni feedbackejäni inessive feedbackissäni feedbackeissäni elative feedbackistäni feedbackeistäni illative feedbackiini feedbackeihini adessive feedbackilläni feedbackeilläni ablative feedbackiltäni feedbackeiltäni allative feedbackilleni feedbackeilleni essive feedbackinäni feedbackeinäni translative feedbackikseni feedbackeikseni abessive feedbackittäni feedbackeittäni instructive — — comitative — feedbackeineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative feedbackisi feedbackisi accusative nom. feedbackisi feedbackisi gen. feedbackisi genitive feedbackisi feedbackiesi partitive feedbackiäsi feedbackejäsi inessive feedbackissäsi feedbackeissäsi elative feedbackistäsi feedbackeistäsi illative feedbackiisi feedbackeihisi adessive feedbackilläsi feedbackeilläsi ablative feedbackiltäsi feedbackeiltäsi allative feedbackillesi feedbackeillesi essive feedbackinäsi feedbackeinäsi translative feedbackiksesi feedbackeiksesi abessive feedbackittäsi feedbackeittäsi instructive — — comitative — feedbackeinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative feedbackimme feedbackimme accusative nom. feedbackimme feedbackimme gen. feedbackimme genitive feedbackimme feedbackiemme partitive feedbackiämme feedbackejämme inessive feedbackissämme feedbackeissämme elative feedbackistämme feedbackeistämme illative feedbackiimme feedbackeihimme adessive feedbackillämme feedbackeillämme ablative feedbackiltämme feedbackeiltämme allative feedbackillemme feedbackeillemme essive feedbackinämme feedbackeinämme translative feedbackiksemme feedbackeiksemme abessive feedbackittämme feedbackeittämme instructive — — comitative — feedbackeinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative feedbackinne feedbackinne accusative nom. feedbackinne feedbackinne gen. feedbackinne genitive feedbackinne feedbackienne partitive feedbackiänne feedbackejänne inessive feedbackissänne feedbackeissänne elative feedbackistänne feedbackeistänne illative feedbackiinne feedbackeihinne adessive feedbackillänne feedbackeillänne ablative feedbackiltänne feedbackeiltänne allative feedbackillenne feedbackeillenne essive feedbackinänne feedbackeinänne translative feedbackiksenne feedbackeiksenne abessive feedbackittänne feedbackeittänne instructive — — comitative — feedbackeinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative feedbackinsä feedbackinsä accusative nom. feedbackinsä feedbackinsä gen. feedbackinsä genitive feedbackinsä feedbackiensä partitive feedbackiään feedbackiänsä feedbackejään feedbackejänsä inessive feedbackissään feedbackissänsä feedbackeissään feedbackeissänsä elative feedbackistään feedbackistänsä feedbackeistään feedbackeistänsä illative feedbackiinsä feedbackeihinsä adessive feedbackillään feedbackillänsä feedbackeillään feedbackeillänsä ablative feedbackiltään feedbackiltänsä feedbackeiltään feedbackeiltänsä allative feedbackilleen feedbackillensä feedbackeilleen feedbackeillensä essive feedbackinään feedbackinänsä feedbackeinään feedbackeinänsä translative feedbackikseen feedbackiksensä feedbackeikseen feedbackeiksensä abessive feedbackittään feedbackittänsä feedbackeittään feedbackeittänsä instructive — — comitative — feedbackeineen feedbackeinensä

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French

Etymology

Borrowed from English feedback.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fid.bak/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

feedback m (plural feedbacks)

1. feedback (generic)

Further reading

• “feedback”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

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Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from English feedback.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˌfid͡ʒ.ˈbɛk/, /ˌfid.ˈbɛk/, /ˌfid͡ʒ.ˈbɛ.ki/

Noun

feedback m (plural s)

1. feedback (assessment on information produced)

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Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from English feedback.

Noun

feedback m (plural feedbacks)

1. feedback