hurma

See also: hurmą

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *hurma. Cognates include Estonian urm (“blood”), Karelian hurmata (“to stun”), Livonian ūrmatõ (“to stun”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhurmɑ/, [ˈhurmɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -urmɑ
• Syllabification^(key): hur‧ma
• Hyphenation^(key): hur‧ma

Noun

hurma

1. ecstasy, rapture

   Synonyms: ekstaasi, hurmio, huuma, kiihko

2. appeal, enchantment

   Synonyms: lumo, lumovoima, tenho, tenhovoima

3. charm

   Synonyms: šarmi, veto, vetovoima

Declension

Inflection of hurma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		hurma	hurmat
genitive		hurman	hurmien
partitive		hurmaa	hurmia
illative		hurmaan	hurmiin
		singular	plural
nominative		hurma	hurmat
accusative	nom.	hurma	hurmat
	gen.	hurman
genitive		hurman	hurmien hurmain rare
partitive		hurmaa	hurmia
inessive		hurmassa	hurmissa
elative		hurmasta	hurmista
illative		hurmaan	hurmiin
adessive		hurmalla	hurmilla
ablative		hurmalta	hurmilta
allative		hurmalle	hurmille
essive		hurmana	hurmina
translative		hurmaksi	hurmiksi
abessive		hurmatta	hurmitta
instructive		—	hurmin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of hurma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative hurmani hurmani accusative nom. hurmani hurmani gen. hurmani genitive hurmani hurmieni hurmaini rare partitive hurmaani hurmiani inessive hurmassani hurmissani elative hurmastani hurmistani illative hurmaani hurmiini adessive hurmallani hurmillani ablative hurmaltani hurmiltani allative hurmalleni hurmilleni essive hurmanani hurminani translative hurmakseni hurmikseni abessive hurmattani hurmittani instructive — — comitative — hurmineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative hurmasi hurmasi accusative nom. hurmasi hurmasi gen. hurmasi genitive hurmasi hurmiesi hurmaisi rare partitive hurmaasi hurmiasi inessive hurmassasi hurmissasi elative hurmastasi hurmistasi illative hurmaasi hurmiisi adessive hurmallasi hurmillasi ablative hurmaltasi hurmiltasi allative hurmallesi hurmillesi essive hurmanasi hurminasi translative hurmaksesi hurmiksesi abessive hurmattasi hurmittasi instructive — — comitative — hurminesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative hurmamme hurmamme accusative nom. hurmamme hurmamme gen. hurmamme genitive hurmamme hurmiemme hurmaimme rare partitive hurmaamme hurmiamme inessive hurmassamme hurmissamme elative hurmastamme hurmistamme illative hurmaamme hurmiimme adessive hurmallamme hurmillamme ablative hurmaltamme hurmiltamme allative hurmallemme hurmillemme essive hurmanamme hurminamme translative hurmaksemme hurmiksemme abessive hurmattamme hurmittamme instructive — — comitative — hurminemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative hurmanne hurmanne accusative nom. hurmanne hurmanne gen. hurmanne genitive hurmanne hurmienne hurmainne rare partitive hurmaanne hurmianne inessive hurmassanne hurmissanne elative hurmastanne hurmistanne illative hurmaanne hurmiinne adessive hurmallanne hurmillanne ablative hurmaltanne hurmiltanne allative hurmallenne hurmillenne essive hurmananne hurminanne translative hurmaksenne hurmiksenne abessive hurmattanne hurmittanne instructive — — comitative — hurminenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative hurmansa hurmansa accusative nom. hurmansa hurmansa gen. hurmansa genitive hurmansa hurmiensa hurmainsa rare partitive hurmaansa hurmiaan hurmiansa inessive hurmassaan hurmassansa hurmissaan hurmissansa elative hurmastaan hurmastansa hurmistaan hurmistansa illative hurmaansa hurmiinsa adessive hurmallaan hurmallansa hurmillaan hurmillansa ablative hurmaltaan hurmaltansa hurmiltaan hurmiltansa allative hurmalleen hurmallensa hurmilleen hurmillensa essive hurmanaan hurmanansa hurminaan hurminansa translative hurmakseen hurmaksensa hurmikseen hurmiksensa abessive hurmattaan hurmattansa hurmittaan hurmittansa instructive — — comitative — hurmineen hurminensa

Derived terms

• Hurmalainen
• hurmata
• hurme
• hurmio
• hurmos
• hurmuri
• hurvitella

compounds

• hurmahenki
• hurmahenkinen
• voitonhurma

Descendants

• → Estonian: hurm

Further reading

• “hurma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

Anagrams

• murha

Latvian

hurmas

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish خرما (hurma), from Classical Persian خُرْمَا (xurmā).

Noun

hurma f (4th declension)

1. persimmon

Declension

Declension of hurma (4th declension)

	singular	plural
nominative	hurma	hurmas
genitive	hurmas	hurmu
dative	hurmai	hurmām
accusative	hurmu	hurmas
instrumental	hurmu	hurmām
locative	hurmā	hurmās
vocative	hurma	hurmas

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxur.ma/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -urma
• Syllabification: hur‧ma

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

hurma f

1. (obsolete) crowd, throng

   Synonyms: chmara, ciżba, gromada, tłum

Declension

Declension of hurma

	singular	plural
nominative	hurma	hurmy
genitive	hurmy	hurm
dative	hurmie	hurmom
accusative	hurmę	hurmy
instrumental	hurmą	hurmami
locative	hurmie	hurmach
vocative	hurmo	hurmy

Descendants

• → Russian: гурьба́ (gurʹbá)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish خرما (hurma), from Classical Persian خُرْمَا (xurmā).

Noun

hurma f

1. persimmon (tree)

   Synonyms: hebanowiec, kaki, persymona, szaron

Declension

Declension of hurma

	singular	plural
nominative	hurma	hurmy
genitive	hurmy	hurm
dative	hurmie	hurmom
accusative	hurmę	hurmy
instrumental	hurmą	hurmami
locative	hurmie	hurmach
vocative	hurmo	hurmy

Further reading

• hurma in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• hurma in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• ùrma

Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish خرما (hurma), from Classical Persian خُرْمَا (xurmā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xǔːrma/

Noun

húrma f (Cyrillic spelling ху́рма)

1. date (fruit)

   Synonym: dàtulja

2. persimmon (fruit)

Declension

Declension of hurma

	singular	plural
nominative	hùrma	hùrme
genitive	hùrme	hȗrmā / hȗrmī
dative	hùrmi	hùrmama
accusative	hùrmu	hùrme
vocative	hùrmo	hùrme
locative	hùrmi	hùrmama
instrumental	hùrmom	hùrmama

Derived terms

• ìndījska hùrma (“tamarind”)

Further reading

• “hurma”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

Turkish

hurma

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish خرما (hurma), from Classical Persian خُرْمَا (xurmā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [huɾˈma]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: hur‧ma

Noun

hurma (definite accusative hurmayı, plural hurmalar)

1. date (fruit)
2. persimmon (fruit)

Declension

Declension of hurma

singular plural nominative hurma hurmalar definite accusative hurmayı hurmaları dative hurmaya hurmalara locative hurmada hurmalarda ablative hurmadan hurmalardan genitive hurmanın hurmaların Possessive forms nominative singular plural 1st singular hurmam hurmalarım 2nd singular hurman hurmaların 3rd singular hurması hurmaları 1st plural hurmamız hurmalarımız 2nd plural hurmanız hurmalarınız 3rd plural hurmaları hurmaları definite accusative singular plural 1st singular hurmamı hurmalarımı 2nd singular hurmanı hurmalarını 3rd singular hurmasını hurmalarını 1st plural hurmamızı hurmalarımızı 2nd plural hurmanızı hurmalarınızı 3rd plural hurmalarını hurmalarını dative singular plural 1st singular hurmama hurmalarıma 2nd singular hurmana hurmalarına 3rd singular hurmasına hurmalarına 1st plural hurmamıza hurmalarımıza 2nd plural hurmanıza hurmalarınıza 3rd plural hurmalarına hurmalarına locative singular plural 1st singular hurmamda hurmalarımda 2nd singular hurmanda hurmalarında 3rd singular hurmasında hurmalarında 1st plural hurmamızda hurmalarımızda 2nd plural hurmanızda hurmalarınızda 3rd plural hurmalarında hurmalarında ablative singular plural 1st singular hurmamdan hurmalarımdan 2nd singular hurmandan hurmalarından 3rd singular hurmasından hurmalarından 1st plural hurmamızdan hurmalarımızdan 2nd plural hurmanızdan hurmalarınızdan 3rd plural hurmalarından hurmalarından genitive singular plural 1st singular hurmamın hurmalarımın 2nd singular hurmanın hurmalarının 3rd singular hurmasının hurmalarının 1st plural hurmamızın hurmalarımızın 2nd plural hurmanızın hurmalarınızın 3rd plural hurmalarının hurmalarının