impugnar

Galician

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁én

Proto-Italic *en

Proto-Italic *en-

Latin in-

Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ-der.

Proto-Indo-European *puǵnos

Proto-Italic *pugnos

Latin pugnus

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -ō

Latin pugnō

Latin impugnārebor.

Galician impugnar

Borrowed from Latin impugnāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /impuŋˈnaɾ/ [im.puŋˈnaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Hyphenation: im‧pug‧nar

Verb

impugnar (first-person singular present impugno, first-person singular preterite impugnei, past participle impugnado)

1. to contest
2. to impugn

Conjugation

    Conjugation of impugnar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	impugnar
Personal	impugnar	impugnares	impugnar	impugnarmos	impugnardes	impugnaren
Gerund
	impugnando
Past participle
Masculine	impugnado			impugnados
Feminine	impugnada			impugnadas
Indicative
Present	impugno	impugnas	impugna	impugnamos	impugnades	impugnan
Imperfect	impugnaba	impugnabas	impugnaba	impugnabamos	impugnabades	impugnaban
Preterite	impugnei	impugnaches	impugnou	impugnamos	impugnastes	impugnaron
Pluperfect	impugnara	impugnaras	impugnara	impugnaramos	impugnarades	impugnaran
Future	impugnarei	impugnarás	impugnará	impugnaremos	impugnaredes	impugnarán
Conditional	impugnaría	impugnarías	impugnaría	impugnariamos	impugnariades	impugnarían
Subjunctive
Present	impugne	impugnes	impugne	impugnemos	impugnedes	impugnen
Imperfect	impugnase	impugnases	impugnase	impugnásemos	impugnásedes	impugnasen
Future	impugnar	impugnares	impugnar	impugnarmos	impugnardes	impugnaren
Imperative
Affirmative		impugna	impugne	impugnemos	impugnade	impugnen
Negative (non)		non impugnes	non impugne	non impugnemos	non impugnedes	non impugnen

References

• Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “impugnar”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “impugnar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

Portuguese

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁én

Proto-Italic *en

Proto-Italic *en-

Latin in-

Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ-der.

Proto-Indo-European *puǵnos

Proto-Italic *pugnos

Latin pugnus

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -ō

Latin pugnō

Latin impugnārebor.

Portuguese impugnar

Borrowed from Latin impugnāre.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ĩ.pu.ɡiˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.pu.ɡiˈna(h)], /ĩ.puɡˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.puɡˈna(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ĩ.pu.ɡiˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.pu.ɡiˈna(h)], /ĩ.puɡˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.puɡˈna(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ĩ.pu.ɡiˈna(ɾ)/, /ĩ.puɡˈna(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ĩ.pu.ɡiˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.pu.ɡiˈna(χ)], /ĩ.puɡˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.puɡˈna(χ)]
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /ĩ.pu.ɡiˈna(ɻ)/, /ĩ.puɡˈna(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ĩ.pu.ɡiˈnaɾ/ [ĩ.pu.ɣiˈnaɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ĩ.pu.ɡiˈnaɾ/ [ĩ.pu.ɣiˈnaɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ĩ.pu.ɡiˈna.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: im‧pug‧nar

Verb

impugnar (first-person singular present impugno, first-person singular preterite impugnei, past participle impugnado)

1. to contest
2. to impugn

Conjugation

    Conjugation of impugnar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	impugnar
Personal	impugnar	impugnares	impugnar	impugnarmos	impugnardes	impugnarem
Gerund
	impugnando
Past participle
Masculine	impugnado			impugnados
Feminine	impugnada			impugnadas
Indicative
Present	impugno	impugnas	impugna	impugnamos	impugnais	impugnam
Imperfect	impugnava	impugnavas	impugnava	impugnávamos	impugnáveis	impugnavam
Preterite	impugnei	impugnaste	impugnou	impugnamos1, impugnámos2	impugnastes	impugnaram
Pluperfect	impugnara	impugnaras	impugnara	impugnáramos	impugnáreis	impugnaram
Future	impugnarei	impugnarás	impugnará	impugnaremos	impugnareis	impugnarão
Conditional	impugnaria	impugnarias	impugnaria	impugnaríamos	impugnaríeis	impugnariam
Subjunctive
Present	impugne	impugnes	impugne	impugnemos	impugneis	impugnem
Imperfect	impugnasse	impugnasses	impugnasse	impugnássemos	impugnásseis	impugnassem
Future	impugnar	impugnares	impugnar	impugnarmos	impugnardes	impugnarem
Imperative
Affirmative		impugna	impugne	impugnemos	impugnai	impugnem
Negative (não)		não impugnes	não impugne	não impugnemos	não impugneis	não impugnem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Further reading

• “impugnar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Spanish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁én

Proto-Italic *en

Proto-Italic *en-

Latin in-

Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ-der.

Proto-Indo-European *puǵnos

Proto-Italic *pugnos

Latin pugnus

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -ō

Latin pugnō

Latin impugnārebor.

Spanish impugnar

Borrowed from Latin impugnāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /impuɡˈnaɾ/ [ĩm.puɣ̞ˈnaɾ]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: im‧pug‧nar

Verb

impugnar (first-person singular present impugno, first-person singular preterite impugné, past participle impugnado)

1. to contest, fight, oppose

   Synonym: contestar

   impugnar la decisión ― contest the decision

   impugnar el proyecto ― oppose the project

   impugnar el proceso ― oppose the process

   • 2006, Ley de Comercio Exterior (Mexico):

     México impugnó el informe del Grupo Especial mediante la interposición de una apelación el 20 de julio de 2005.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (law) to contest

   Synonym: contestar

   impugnar el veredicto ― contest the verdict

   impugnar el testamento ― contest the testimony

   impugnar algo ante los tribunales ― contest something in the courts

   • 2022, Schumann Barragán, Guillermo José, Derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva y autonomía de la voluntad: los contratos procesales:

     Es posible que el sucesor incorpore la prohibición de no impugnar el testamento como una obligación modal en aquella parte de su herencia de la que puede disponer libremente.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of impugnar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			impugnar
gerund			impugnando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		impugnado		impugnada
		plural		impugnados		impugnadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	impugno	impugnastú impugnásvos	impugna	impugnamos	impugnáis	impugnan
	imperfect	impugnaba	impugnabas	impugnaba	impugnábamos	impugnabais	impugnaban
	preterite	impugné	impugnaste	impugnó	impugnamos	impugnasteis	impugnaron
	future	impugnaré	impugnarás	impugnará	impugnaremos	impugnaréis	impugnarán
	conditional	impugnaría	impugnarías	impugnaría	impugnaríamos	impugnaríais	impugnarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	impugne	impugnestú impugnésvos2	impugne	impugnemos	impugnéis	impugnen
	imperfect (ra)	impugnara	impugnaras	impugnara	impugnáramos	impugnarais	impugnaran
	imperfect (se)	impugnase	impugnases	impugnase	impugnásemos	impugnaseis	impugnasen
	future1	impugnare	impugnares	impugnare	impugnáremos	impugnareis	impugnaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		impugnatú impugnávos	impugne	impugnemos	impugnad	impugnen
	negative		no impugnes	no impugne	no impugnemos	no impugnéis	no impugnen

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of impugnar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive impugnar	dative	impugnarme	impugnarte	impugnarle, impugnarse	impugnarnos	impugnaros	impugnarles, impugnarse
	accusative	impugnarme	impugnarte	impugnarlo, impugnarla, impugnarse	impugnarnos	impugnaros	impugnarlos, impugnarlas, impugnarse
with gerund impugnando	dative	impugnándome	impugnándote	impugnándole, impugnándose	impugnándonos	impugnándoos	impugnándoles, impugnándose
	accusative	impugnándome	impugnándote	impugnándolo, impugnándola, impugnándose	impugnándonos	impugnándoos	impugnándolos, impugnándolas, impugnándose
with informal second-person singular tuteo imperative impugna	dative	impúgname	impúgnate	impúgnale	impúgnanos	not used	impúgnales
	accusative	impúgname	impúgnate	impúgnalo, impúgnala	impúgnanos	not used	impúgnalos, impúgnalas
with informal second-person singular voseo imperative impugná	dative	impugname	impugnate	impugnale	impugnanos	not used	impugnales
	accusative	impugname	impugnate	impugnalo, impugnala	impugnanos	not used	impugnalos, impugnalas
with formal second-person singular imperative impugne	dative	impúgneme	not used	impúgnele, impúgnese	impúgnenos	not used	impúgneles
	accusative	impúgneme	not used	impúgnelo, impúgnela, impúgnese	impúgnenos	not used	impúgnelos, impúgnelas
with first-person plural imperative impugnemos	dative	not used	impugnémoste	impugnémosle	impugnémonos	impugnémoos	impugnémosles
	accusative	not used	impugnémoste	impugnémoslo, impugnémosla	impugnémonos	impugnémoos	impugnémoslos, impugnémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative impugnad	dative	impugnadme	not used	impugnadle	impugnadnos	impugnaos	impugnadles
	accusative	impugnadme	not used	impugnadlo, impugnadla	impugnadnos	impugnaos	impugnadlos, impugnadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative impugnen	dative	impúgnenme	not used	impúgnenle	impúgnennos	not used	impúgnenles, impúgnense
	accusative	impúgnenme	not used	impúgnenlo, impúgnenla	impúgnennos	not used	impúgnenlos, impúgnenlas, impúgnense

Derived terms

• impugnable

Related terms

• impugnación
• impugnador

Further reading

• “impugnar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025