incumbo

Latin

Etymology

From in- +‎ *cumbō.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /inˈkum.boː/, [ɪŋˈkʊmboː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /inˈkum.bo/, [iŋˈkumbo]

Verb

incumbō (present infinitive incumbere, perfect active incubuī, supine incubitum); third conjugation, no passive

1. to lay oneself upon; to lean or recline on something

   Synonym: immineō

2. to press down on, fall upon (e.g. one's sword)

   Ferro incumbere.

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   Gladio incumbere.

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   In gladium incumbere.

   To fall on his sword.

3. to bend one's attention to; to devote or apply oneself to

   ceris et stilo incumbere.

Usage notes

• Constructed with in ("in"), ad ("to", "towards", "on"), super ("upon") or the dative, also with the accusative.

  Incumbere in parietem.

  To lean on a wall.

Conjugation

Conjugation of incumbō (third conjugation, no supine stem, active only)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	incumbō	incumbis	incumbit	incumbimus	incumbitis	incumbunt
	imperfect	incumbēbam	incumbēbās	incumbēbat	incumbēbāmus	incumbēbātis	incumbēbant
	future	incumbam	incumbēs	incumbet	incumbēmus	incumbētis	incumbent
	perfect	incumbuī	incumbuistī	incumbuit	incumbuimus	incumbuistis	incumbuērunt, incumbuēre
	pluperfect	incumbueram	incumbuerās	incumbuerat	incumbuerāmus	incumbuerātis	incumbuerant
	future perfect	incumbuerō	incumbueris	incumbuerit	incumbuerimus	incumbueritis	incumbuerint
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	incumbam	incumbās	incumbat	incumbāmus	incumbātis	incumbant
	imperfect	incumberem	incumberēs	incumberet	incumberēmus	incumberētis	incumberent
	perfect	incumbuerim	incumbuerīs	incumbuerit	incumbuerīmus	incumbuerītis	incumbuerint
	pluperfect	incumbuissem	incumbuissēs	incumbuisset	incumbuissēmus	incumbuissētis	incumbuissent
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	incumbe	—	—	incumbite	—
	future	—	incumbitō	incumbitō	—	incumbitōte	incumbuntō
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		incumbere	incumbuisse	—	—	—	—
participles		incumbēns	—	—	—	—	—
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		incumbendī	incumbendō	incumbendum	incumbendō	—	—

Derived terms

• incumbēns

Descendants

• French: incomber
• Italian: incombere
• Spanish: incumbir
• Portuguese: incumbir

References

• “incumbo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “incumbo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• incumbo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be energetic about, throw one's heart into a thing: incumbere in (ad) aliquid
    
  • to devote one's every thought to the state's welfare: in rem publicam omni cogitatione curaque incumbere (Fam. 10. 1. 2)
    
  • to carry on a war energetically: omni studio in (ad) bellum incumbere
    

Portuguese

Verb

incumbo

1. first-person singular present indicative of incumbir

Spanish

Verb

incumbo

1. first-person singular present indicative of incumbir