incutio

Latin

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁én

Proto-Italic *en

Proto-Italic *en-

Latin in-

Latin quatiō

Latin incutiō

From in- + quatiō (“to shake”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ɪŋˈkʊ.ti.oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [iŋˈkut.t͡si.o]

Verb

incutiō (present infinitive incutere, perfect active incussī, supine incussum); third (-iō variant) conjugation

1. to strike on, against, into
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 1.69–70:

     “Incute vim ventīs submersāsque obrue puppēs,
     aut age dīversōs et disice corpora pontō.”

     “Strike force against [them] with [your] winds, sink and overwhelm [the Trojan] ship-decks, and otherwise drive [their fleet] in divergent [directions] and dislocate [the sailors’] bodies in the deepest sea.”
     (Juno wants Aeolus (son of Hippotes), King of the Winds, to destroy the Trojan fleet now sailing to Italy. Note: The phrases “submersasque obrue” and “diversos et disice” both exemplify prolepsis, a reversal of the normal order of events.)

2. to inspire with, inflict, excite

Conjugation

   Conjugation of incutiō (third (-iō variant) conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	incutiō		incutis		incutit		incutimus		incutitis		incutiunt
	imperfect	incutiēbam		incutiēbās		incutiēbat		incutiēbāmus		incutiēbātis		incutiēbant
	future	incutiam		incutiēs		incutiet		incutiēmus		incutiētis		incutient
	perfect	incussī		incussistī		incussit		incussimus		incussistis		incussērunt, incussēre
	pluperfect	incusseram		incusserās		incusserat		incusserāmus		incusserātis		incusserant
	future perfect	incusserō		incusseris		incusserit		incusserimus		incusseritis		incusserint
passive	present	incutior		incuteris, incutere		incutitur		incutimur		incutiminī		incutiuntur
	imperfect	incutiēbar		incutiēbāris, incutiēbāre		incutiēbātur		incutiēbāmur		incutiēbāminī		incutiēbantur
	future	incutiar		incutiēris, incutiēre		incutiētur		incutiēmur		incutiēminī		incutientur
	perfect	incussus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	incussus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	incussus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	incutiam		incutiās		incutiat		incutiāmus		incutiātis		incutiant
	imperfect	incuterem		incuterēs		incuteret		incuterēmus		incuterētis		incuterent
	perfect	incusserim		incusserīs		incusserit		incusserīmus		incusserītis		incusserint
	pluperfect	incussissem		incussissēs		incussisset		incussissēmus		incussissētis		incussissent
passive	present	incutiar		incutiāris, incutiāre		incutiātur		incutiāmur		incutiāminī		incutiantur
	imperfect	incuterer		incuterēris, incuterēre		incuterētur		incuterēmur		incuterēminī		incuterentur
	perfect	incussus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	incussus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		incute		—		—		incutite		—
	future	—		incutitō		incutitō		—		incutitōte		incutiuntō
passive	present	—		incutere		—		—		incutiminī		—
	future	—		incutitor		incutitor		—		—		incutiuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		incutere			incutī			incutiēns			—
future		incussūrum esse			incussum īrī			incussūrus			incutiendus, incutiundus
perfect		incussisse			incussum esse			—			incussus
future perfect		—			incussum fore			—			—
perfect potential		incussūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		incutiendī		incutiendō		incutiendum		incutiendō		incussum		incussū

Descendants

• → Italian: incutere (learned)
• → Portuguese: incutir

References

• “incutio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “incutio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “incutio”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to inspire fear, terror: timorem, terrorem alicui inicere, more strongly incutere
    
  • to inspire some one with religious scruples: religionem alicui afferre, inicere, incutere