jezero

See also: Jezero

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech jezero, from Proto-Slavic *ezero, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *éźera.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈjɛzɛro]

Noun

jezero n (relational adjective jezerní, diminutive jezírko)

1. lake

   Velké Solné jezero ― Great Salt Lake

   Jezera Ubari ― Ubari Lakes

Declension

Declension of jezero (hard neuter)

	singular	plural
nominative	jezero	jezera
genitive	jezera	jezer
dative	jezeru	jezerům
accusative	jezero	jezera
vocative	jezero	jezera
locative	jezeře, jezeru	jezerech
instrumental	jezerem	jezery

Further reading

• “jezero”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “jezero”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “jezero”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ezero, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *éźera.

Alternative forms

• jezer (archaic, dialectal, Dubrovnik)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jêzero/
  • (Dubrovnik) IPA^(key): /jêd͡zero/ ⟨jȅʒero⟩
• Hyphenation: je‧ze‧ro

Noun

jȅzero n (Cyrillic spelling је̏зеро, diminutive jezerce, relational adjective jezerskī)

1. lake
   • 1878 March 2, August Šenoa, “Karamfil sa pjesnikova groba”, in Vienac‎^[1], volume X, number 9, Zagreb, page 134:

     Sad smo pristali na drugom kraju jezera.

     Now we had moored on the other side of the lake.

2. (archaic, rare) spring of water
   • 16th century, Mavro Vetranić Čavčić, “Pelegrin”, in I. A. Kaznačić, editor, Pjesme Mavra Vetranića Čavčića: Dio II. (Stari pisci hrvatski)‎^[2], Zagreb: Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, published 1872, page 143, line 2348:

     u sjenci pod borom jezero gdje vraše

     in the shadow under the pine tree where a spring was bubbling

3. (metonymic, archaic, rare) abyss, depth
   • 1495, Bernardinus Spalatensis [Bernardin Splićanin], edited by Tomo Maretić, Vulgarizacio dalmatica epistolarum & euangeliorum [Lekcionarij Bernardina Spljećanina]‎^[3], Zagreb: JAZU, published 1885, page 160 (orig. 85a):

     Od vika odrejena jesam i od starih pri nego zemļa biše. Ne bihu jošće ni jezera, a ja jure začata bih, ni bihu jošće vrutki vodeni protekli ni se jošće gore težkom veličinom umistile bihu, pri sfih vrhof ja se rojah.

     [Proverbs 8:23-26, KJV] I was set up from euerlaſting, from the beginning, or euer the earth was. When there were no depthes, I was brought forth : when there were no fountaines abounding with water. Before the mountaines were ſettled : before the hilles, was I brought foorth: While as yet he had not made the earth, nor the fields, nor the higheſt part of the duſt of the world.

Declension

Declension of jezero

	singular	plural
nominative	jȅzero	jezèra
genitive	jȅzera	jezérā
dative	jȅzeru	jezèrima
accusative	jȅzero	jezèra
vocative	jȅzero	jezèra
locative	jȅzeru / jezèruarchaic[1]	jezèrima
instrumental	jȅzerom	jezèrima

Forms with ◌̏ can have the non-weakened shift to the proclitic: nȁ jezero. The rule is however rarely mentioned in normative manuals and may be unstable, and the word can be reclassified into the paradigm with immobile stem stress (likely with weakened shift):

Innovative Neo-Shtokavian plural accent

	singular	plural
nominative	—	jȅzera
genitive	—	jȅzērā
dative	—	jȅzerima
accusative	—	jȅzera
vocative	—	jȅzera
locative	—	jȅzerima
instrumental	—	jȅzerima

Derived terms

• jezeranin
• jezerište (Štokavian, Čakavian) / jezerišče (Kajkavian)
• jezeriti se
• jezerkinja

Dialectal forms

• Varaždin Kaykavian: Nsg jẹ̏zȩro (IPA^(key): /ˈjezɜro/), Gsg jẹ̏zȩra, Npl jẹ̏zȩra, Gpl jẹ̏zȩrah
• Novi Vinodolski Chakavian: Nsg jȅzero, Npl jȅzera, Gpl jȅzēr/jezẽr

Declension of jezero - Hvar Chakavian

	singular	plural
nominative	jȅzero	jȅzera
genitive	jȅzera	jezẽr
dative	jȅzeru	jȅzerima(n)
accusative	jȅzero	jȅzera
vocative	jȅzero	jȅzera
locative	jȅzeru	jȅzerima(n)
instrumental	jȅzeron	jȅzerima(n)

Declension of jezero - Vrgada Chakavian

	singular	plural
nominative	jȅzero	jezerḁ̃ IPA(key): /jezerɔ̌ː/
genitive	jȅzera	jezẽr
dative	jȅzeru	jezerĩn
accusative	jȅzero	jezerḁ̃
vocative	jȅzero	jezerḁ̃
locative	jȅzeru	jezerĩn
instrumental	jȅzeron	jezerĩn

Etymology 2

From Hungarian ezer (thousand), from an Iranian language, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéslom (thousand). The final -o is added by analogy to jezero (lake). Rare variant without the -o (jȅzer) is noted by RSANU (1973:698).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jêzero/
• Hyphenation: je‧ze‧ro

Numeral

jȅzero n (Cyrillic spelling је̏зеро)

1. (Burgenland Croatian, archaic) thousand; a great number

   Synonyms: tisuća, hiljada

   • 1578, Antol Vramecz, Kronika vezda znovich zpravliena kratka szlouenzkim iezikom‎^[4], Lublana: po Iuane Manline, page 53 verso:

     1513. Due iezere Turkou Peter Berizlo Biskup Wezprimſzky i Ban na pole Dubichkom ſzuoimi Vitezmy i iunaczi poby.

     1513. Dve jezere Turkov Peter Berislo biškup vesprimski i ban na pole dubičkom svojimi vitezmi i junaci pobi.

     1513. Péter Beriszló [Petar Berislavić], the bishop of Vezsprém, killed two thousand Turks on the field of Dubica, with his knights and champions.

   • 1894, Evgenij Kumičić, Urota zrinsko-frankopanska‎^[5], Zagreb: Bulaja naklada, published 2020, page 231:

     još k tomu svemu obećajemo cesarski i kraljevski dar deset jezer talirov onomu ki njega živoga ili mrtvoga nam v ruke da

     additionally, we promise the imperial and royal gift of ten thousand thalers to that who brings him alive or dead into our hands

   • 1936, Miroslav Krleža, “Planetarijom”, in Balade Petrice Kerempuha (Sabrana djela Miroslava Krleže), Sarajevo / Zagreb: NIŠRO "Oslobođenje" / IKRO "Mladost", published 1982, page 115:

     Kajkavska reč Kaj vre jezer let klopoče.

     The Kaykavian word Kay already for a thousand years has been rattling.

Declension

Declension of jezero

	singular	plural
nominative	jȅzero	jȅzera
genitive	jȅzera	jȅzērā
dative	jȅzeru	jȅzerima
accusative	jȅzero	jȅzera
vocative	jȅzero	jȅzera
locative	jȅzeru	jȅzerima
instrumental	jȅzerom	jȅzerima

Neo-Shtokavian accent in the table is based on Klaić (1987:630) and RSANU (1973:699) which do not imply a mobile paradigm; ARj (1897:638) does not mark the accent. The plural accent might also be the same as in meaning 'lake' (Npl jezèra, etc.).

Derived terms

• jezerača

Dialectal forms

• found in northern Croatia, especially Kajkavian dialects, rarely in northern Bosnia, and in Burgenland Croatian; see Citations
• Varaždin Kaykavian: Nsg jȩ̏zȩro (IPA^(key): /ˈjɜzɜro/) or jȩ̏zȩrȩ, Gsg jȩ̏zȩra, Npl jȩ̏zȩrȩ, Gpl jȩzȩ̑r (IPA^(key): /jɜzɜ̂ːr/)
• Bednja Kaykavian: Nsg jȁzere, Gpl jezãr

References

• ARj = Pero Budmani, editor (1892–1897), “jezero”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika‎^[6] (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 4, Zagreb: JAZU, page 638
• Беличъ, Александръ (1909) “Замѣтки по чакавскимъ говорамъ”, in Извѣстія Отдѣленія русскаго языка и словесности Императорской Академіи наукъ, volume XIV, number 2, Санктпетербургъ, pages 181-266
• Hraste, Mate (1935) “Čakavski dijalekat ostrva Hvara”, in Јужнословенски филолог‎^[7], volume 14, Београд: Александар Белић, pages 1-59
• “jezero”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025 ('lake')
• “jezero”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025 ('thousand')
• Jedvaj, Josip (1956) “Bednjanski govor”, in Hrvatski dijalektološki zbornik‎^[8], volume 1, Zagreb: JAZU, pages 279-330
• Jurišić, Blaž (1973) Rječnik govora otoka Vrgade. I dio: Uvod, Zagreb: JAZU
• Kapović, Mate (2011) “Naglasak imenica srednjega roda u hrvatskom – povijesni razvoj”, in Hrvatski dijalektološki zbornik, volume 17, Zagreb: HAZU, pages 109-146
• Klaić, Bratoljub (1987) Rječnik stranih riječi, Zagreb: Matica hrvatska
• Klaić, Bratoljub (2011) Naglasni sustav standardnoga hrvatskog jezika, Zagreb: Umjetnička organizacija Netfaces
• László, Bulcsú (1996) “Bilježka o‿književnōme naglasku hrvātskōme”, in Suvremena lingvistika, volume 22, numbers 1-2, Zagreb: Hrvatsko filološko društvo, pages 333-391
• Lipljin, Tomislav (2013) Rječnik varaždinskoga kajkavskog govora, 2nd edition, Varaždin: Stanek Media
• Maretić, Tomo (1963) Gramatika hrvatskoga ili srpskoga književnog jezika, 3rd edition, Zagreb: Matica hrvatska
• RSANU = М. Стевановић, М. Пешикан, Б. Николић, editors (1973), Речник српскохрватског књижевног и народног језика, књ. 8 (интонирати - јурве)‎^[9], Београд: САНУ
• Skok, Petar (1971) “jȅzero”, in Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika [Etymological Dictionary of the Croatian or Serbian Language] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 1 (A – J), Zagreb: JAZU, page 781
• Vukušić, Stjepan, Zoričić, Ivan, Graselli-Vukušić, Marija (2007) Naglasak u hrvatskome književnom jeziku (Velika hrvatska gramatika; 4), Zagreb: Globus, →ISBN, §231, page 68

Slovene

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ezero, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *éźera.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jéːzɛrɔ/

Noun

jẹ̑zero n

1. lake

Declension

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Neuter, hard
nom. sing.	jézero
gen. sing.	jézera
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	jézero	jézeri	jézera
genitive (rodȋlnik)	jézera	jézer	jézer
dative (dajȃlnik)	jézeru	jézeroma	jézerom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	jézero	jézeri	jézera
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	jézeru	jézerih	jézerih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	jézerom	jézeroma	jézeri

Further reading

• “jezero”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “jezero”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references