kamala

See also: Kamala

English

Fruit of the kamala

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit कमल (kamala, “lotus”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkʌm(ə)lə/

Noun

kamala (countable and uncountable, plural kamalas)

2. A small or medium-sized tree (Mallotus philippensis) in the spurge family, found in Asia and Australia.

   Synonyms: kamala tree, dyer's rottlera, kamala dye tree, monkey face tree, orange kamala, red kamala, scarlet croton

   2. (usually uncountable) An orange or red powder obtained from the fruit capsules of this plant, used as dyestuff for colouring silk or wool, and employed as an anthelmintic.
      • 1875 December 4, “Medical Societies: Medical Society of London”, in James G. Wakley, editor, The Lancet, number 2727, London: John James Croft, page 803:

        After stating the varieties met with in this country, […] he stated that the chief points to be observed in the treatment [of common tapeworm] were: a preliminary starvation of twenty-four hours, and the administration of a combination of kamala and male fern—namely, two drachms of kamala to be rubbed up with a little gum-and-water till an emulsion is formed, and then two drachms of oil of male fern to be added, and the whole triturated in a mortar, […]

      • 1876, Ferd[inand] von Mueller, Select Plants Readily Eligible for Industrial Culture or Naturalisation in Victoria, Melbourne: M‘Carron, Bird & Co., page 124:

        Mallotus Philippinensis, J. M. […] Though not of great importance this bush should not be passed on this occasion, inasmuch as the powdery substance investing the seed capsules constitutes the Kamala, which can be employed not only as an orange dye, but also as an anthelmintic remedy. The Hindoo silk-dyers use it for an orange colour, obtained by boiling the Kamala with carbonate of soda.

      • 1907, C[onrad] Lewis Diehl, “Report on the Progress of Pharmacy. From July 1, 1906, to June 30, 1907”, in Proceedings of the American Pharmaceutical Association at the Fifty-Fifth Annual Meeting Held at New York, N. Y., September, 1907 […], Baltimore: American Pharmaceutical Association, page 815:

        In a recent examination of commercial kamalas, the mean percentage of ash found was 35.17 per cent., using a platinum crucible and as high a temperature as a common Bunsen burner would supply.

Derived terms

• buckthorn-leaved kamala (Mallotus rhamnifolius)
• orange kamala (Mallotus philippensis)
• red kamala (Mallotus philippensis)
• rusty kamala (Mallotus tetracoccus)

Translations

tree in the spurge family

• Bengali: please add this translation if you can
• French: kamala (fr) m
• German: please add this translation if you can
• Hindi: please add this translation if you can
• Japanese: please add this translation if you can
• Sanskrit: please add this translation if you can
• Spanish: please add this translation if you can
• Turkish: malloağacı

orange or red powder

• French: kamala (fr) m
• German: please add this translation if you can
• Hindi: please add this translation if you can
• Hungarian: kamala (hu)
• Japanese: please add this translation if you can
• Spanish: please add this translation if you can

References

• “kamala”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• kamala on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Mallotus philippensis on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
• Category:Mallotus philippensis on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons

Anagrams

• Kalama, alamak

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kamala (compare Ingrian kamala, Karelian kamala, Votic kamalõ), possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *hamalaz. Alternatively, possibly related to Erzya кама- (kama-) in камажа (kamaža, “bad”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑmɑlɑ/, [ˈkɑ̝mɑ̝lɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ɑmɑlɑ
• Hyphenation^(key): ka‧ma‧la

Adjective

kamala (comparative kamalampi, superlative kamalin)

1. horrible, terrible

   se oli kamalaa

   it was horrible

2. (colloquial) terribly, an intensifier

   se oli kamalan hyvää

   it was terribly good

Declension

Inflection of kamala (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		kamala	kamalat
genitive		kamalan	kamalien
partitive		kamalaa	kamalia
illative		kamalaan	kamaliin
		singular	plural
nominative		kamala	kamalat
accusative	nom.	kamala	kamalat
	gen.	kamalan
genitive		kamalan	kamalien kamalain rare
partitive		kamalaa	kamalia
inessive		kamalassa	kamalissa
elative		kamalasta	kamalista
illative		kamalaan	kamaliin
adessive		kamalalla	kamalilla
ablative		kamalalta	kamalilta
allative		kamalalle	kamalille
essive		kamalana	kamalina
translative		kamalaksi	kamaliksi
abessive		kamalatta	kamalitta
instructive		—	kamalin
comitative		—	kamaline

Possessive forms of kamala (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative kamalani kamalani accusative nom. kamalani kamalani gen. kamalani genitive kamalani kamalieni kamalaini rare partitive kamalaani kamaliani inessive kamalassani kamalissani elative kamalastani kamalistani illative kamalaani kamaliini adessive kamalallani kamalillani ablative kamalaltani kamaliltani allative kamalalleni kamalilleni essive kamalanani kamalinani translative kamalakseni kamalikseni abessive kamalattani kamalittani instructive — — comitative — kamalineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative kamalasi kamalasi accusative nom. kamalasi kamalasi gen. kamalasi genitive kamalasi kamaliesi kamalaisi rare partitive kamalaasi kamaliasi inessive kamalassasi kamalissasi elative kamalastasi kamalistasi illative kamalaasi kamaliisi adessive kamalallasi kamalillasi ablative kamalaltasi kamaliltasi allative kamalallesi kamalillesi essive kamalanasi kamalinasi translative kamalaksesi kamaliksesi abessive kamalattasi kamalittasi instructive — — comitative — kamalinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative kamalamme kamalamme accusative nom. kamalamme kamalamme gen. kamalamme genitive kamalamme kamaliemme kamalaimme rare partitive kamalaamme kamaliamme inessive kamalassamme kamalissamme elative kamalastamme kamalistamme illative kamalaamme kamaliimme adessive kamalallamme kamalillamme ablative kamalaltamme kamaliltamme allative kamalallemme kamalillemme essive kamalanamme kamalinamme translative kamalaksemme kamaliksemme abessive kamalattamme kamalittamme instructive — — comitative — kamalinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative kamalanne kamalanne accusative nom. kamalanne kamalanne gen. kamalanne genitive kamalanne kamalienne kamalainne rare partitive kamalaanne kamalianne inessive kamalassanne kamalissanne elative kamalastanne kamalistanne illative kamalaanne kamaliinne adessive kamalallanne kamalillanne ablative kamalaltanne kamaliltanne allative kamalallenne kamalillenne essive kamalananne kamalinanne translative kamalaksenne kamaliksenne abessive kamalattanne kamalittanne instructive — — comitative — kamalinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative kamalansa kamalansa accusative nom. kamalansa kamalansa gen. kamalansa genitive kamalansa kamaliensa kamalainsa rare partitive kamalaansa kamaliaan kamaliansa inessive kamalassaan kamalassansa kamalissaan kamalissansa elative kamalastaan kamalastansa kamalistaan kamalistansa illative kamalaansa kamaliinsa adessive kamalallaan kamalallansa kamalillaan kamalillansa ablative kamalaltaan kamalaltansa kamaliltaan kamaliltansa allative kamalalleen kamalallensa kamalilleen kamalillensa essive kamalanaan kamalanansa kamalinaan kamalinansa translative kamalakseen kamalaksensa kamalikseen kamaliksensa abessive kamalattaan kamalattansa kamalittaan kamalittansa instructive — — comitative — kamalineen kamalinensa

Derived terms

• kamalahko
• kamalasti
• kamaluus

See also

• hirveä
• kauhea
• kaamea

Further reading

• “kamala”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

French

Noun

kamala m (plural kamalas)

1. kamala (plant)

Further reading

• “kamala”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Hausa

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kà.máː.làː/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [kə̀.máː.làː]

Noun

kàmālā̀ f (possessed form kàmālàr̃)

1. decency, dignity

Ingrian

Alternative forms

• kamela

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kamala. Cognates include Finnish kamala.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑmɑlɑ/, [ˈkɑmɑɫ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑmɑːlɑ/, [ˈkɑmˑɑːɫɑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑmɑl, -ɑmɑːlɑ
• Hyphenation: ka‧ma‧la

Adjective

kamala (comparative kamalamp)

1. dirty
2. bad, terrible

   kamala ilma ― bad weather

   kamala sana ― dirty word

Declension

Declension of kamala (type 3/kana, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	kamala	kamalat
genitive	kamalan	kamaloin
partitive	kamalaa	kamaloja
illative	kamalaa	kamaloihe
inessive	kamalaas	kamalois
elative	kamalast	kamaloist
allative	kamalalle	kamaloille
adessive	kamalaal	kamaloil
ablative	kamalalt	kamaloilt
translative	kamalaks	kamaloiks
essive	kamalanna, kamalaan	kamaloinna, kamaloin
exessive1)	kamalant	kamaloint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 129

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• 𑀓𑀫𑀮 (Brahmi script)
• कमल (Devanagari script)
• কমল (Bengali script)
• කමල (Sinhalese script)
• ကမလ or ၵမလ (Burmese script)
• กมล or กะมะละ (Thai script)
• ᨠᨾᩃ (Tai Tham script)
• ກມລ or ກະມະລະ (Lao script)
• កមល (Khmer script)
• 𑄇𑄟𑄣 (Chakma script)

Etymology

From Sanskrit कमल (kamala).

Noun

kamala n

1. lotus

Declension

Declension table of "kamala" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	kamalaṃ	kamalāni
Accusative (second)	kamalaṃ	kamalāni
Instrumental (third)	kamalena	kamalehi or kamalebhi
Dative (fourth)	kamalassa or kamalāya or kamalatthaṃ	kamalānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)	kamalasmā or kamalamhā or kamalā	kamalehi or kamalebhi
Genitive (sixth)	kamalassa	kamalānaṃ
Locative (seventh)	kamalasmiṃ or kamalamhi or kamale	kamalesu
Vocative (calling)	kamala	kamalāni

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French kamala.

Noun

kamala f (uncountable)

1. kamala

Declension

Declension of kamala

singular only	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	kamala	kamalaua
genitive-dative	{{{pl}}}	{{{pl}}}i
vocative