kumpi

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kumpi. Equivalent to ku- (interrogative stem) +‎ -mpi.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkumpi/, [ˈkumpi]
• Rhymes: -umpi
• Syllabification^(key): kum‧pi

Pronoun

kumpi

1. (interrogative) which one (of (the) two)

   Kumpi varasti keksit?

   Which one (of you) stole the cookies?

Determiner

kumpi

1. (interrogative) which one (of (the) two)

   Kumman keksin sinä varastit?

   Which cookie did you steal?

Declension

Inflection of kumpi (Kotus type 16*H/vanhempi, mp-mm gradation)
nominative		kumpi	kummat
genitive		kumman	kumpien
partitive		kumpaa	kumpia
illative		kumpaan	kumpiin
		singular	plural
nominative		kumpi	kummat
accusative	nom.	kumpi	kummat
	gen.	kumman
genitive		kumman	kumpien kumpainrare
partitive		kumpaa	kumpia
inessive		kummassa	kummissa
elative		kummasta	kummista
illative		kumpaan	kumpiin
adessive		kummalla	kummilla
ablative		kummalta	kummilta
allative		kummalle	kummille
essive		kumpana	kumpina
translative		kummaksi	kummiksi
abessive		kummatta	kummitta
instructive		—	kummin
comitative		—	kumpine

Possessive forms of kumpi (type vanhempi)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative kumpani kumpani accusative nom. kumpani kumpani gen. kumpani genitive kumpani kumpieni kumpainirare partitive kumpaani kumpiani inessive kummassani kummissani elative kummastani kummistani illative kumpaani kumpiini adessive kummallani kummillani ablative kummaltani kummiltani allative kummalleni kummilleni essive kumpanani kumpinani translative kummakseni kummikseni abessive kummattani kummittani instructive — — comitative — kumpineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative kumpasi kumpasi accusative nom. kumpasi kumpasi gen. kumpasi genitive kumpasi kumpiesi kumpaisirare partitive kumpaasi kumpiasi inessive kummassasi kummissasi elative kummastasi kummistasi illative kumpaasi kumpiisi adessive kummallasi kummillasi ablative kummaltasi kummiltasi allative kummallesi kummillesi essive kumpanasi kumpinasi translative kummaksesi kummiksesi abessive kummattasi kummittasi instructive — — comitative — kumpinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative kumpamme kumpamme accusative nom. kumpamme kumpamme gen. kumpamme genitive kumpamme kumpiemme kumpaimmerare partitive kumpaamme kumpiamme inessive kummassamme kummissamme elative kummastamme kummistamme illative kumpaamme kumpiimme adessive kummallamme kummillamme ablative kummaltamme kummiltamme allative kummallemme kummillemme essive kumpanamme kumpinamme translative kummaksemme kummiksemme abessive kummattamme kummittamme instructive — — comitative — kumpinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative kumpanne kumpanne accusative nom. kumpanne kumpanne gen. kumpanne genitive kumpanne kumpienne kumpainnerare partitive kumpaanne kumpianne inessive kummassanne kummissanne elative kummastanne kummistanne illative kumpaanne kumpiinne adessive kummallanne kummillanne ablative kummaltanne kummiltanne allative kummallenne kummillenne essive kumpananne kumpinanne translative kummaksenne kummiksenne abessive kummattanne kummittanne instructive — — comitative — kumpinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative kumpansa kumpansa accusative nom. kumpansa kumpansa gen. kumpansa genitive kumpansa kumpiensa kumpainsarare partitive kumpaansa kumpiaan kumpiansa inessive kummassaan kummassansa kummissaan kummissansa elative kummastaan kummastansa kummistaan kummistansa illative kumpaansa kumpiinsa adessive kummallaan kummallansa kummillaan kummillansa ablative kummaltaan kummaltansa kummiltaan kummiltansa allative kummalleen kummallensa kummilleen kummillensa essive kumpanaan kumpanansa kumpinaan kumpinansa translative kummakseen kummaksensa kummikseen kummiksensa abessive kummattaan kummattansa kummittaan kummittansa instructive — — comitative — kumpineen kumpinensa

Synonyms

• (which one of the two) kumpainen

Related terms

Pronouns with same stems:

• joka
• jokin
• joku
• jompikumpi
• kuka
• kukaan
• kukin
• kumpikaan
• kumpikin

Further reading

• “kumpi”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (online dictionary, continuously updated, in Finnish), Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

Karelian

Regional variants of kumpi

North Karelian (Viena)	kumpi
South Karelian (Tver)	—

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kumpi. Cognates include Finnish kumpi and Ingrian kumpa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkumpi/
• Hyphenation: kum‧pi

Pronoun

kumpi

1. (North Karelian) which (of two)?

Declension

Viena Karelian declension of kumpi (type 7/vanhempi, mp-mm gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	kumpi	kummat
genitive	kumman	kumpien
partitive	kumpua	kumpie
illative	kumpah	kumpih
inessive	kummašša	kummissa
elative	kummašta	kummista
adessive	kummalla	kummilla
ablative	kummalta	kummilta
translative	kummakši	kummiksi
essive	kumpana	kumpina
comitative	—	kummineh
abessive	kummatta	kummitta

Possessive forms of kumpi
1st person	kumpani
2nd person	kumpaš
3rd person	kumpah
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses.

References

• P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015) Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary], →ISBN, page 11