joka

See also: jokā, jōka, and jōkā

Basque

Verb

joka

1. Infinitive of jokatu.

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Finnish

Etymology

From the pronominal stem jo- + the suffix -ka.

The stem jo- is from Proto-Finnic *jo- (pronominal stem), from Proto-Finno-Permic *jo. Related to Karelian joka, Votic jõka, Northern Sami juogọ, Erzya юза тоза (juza toza) and Eastern Mari юж (ûž).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈjokɑ/, [ˈjo̞kɑ]
• Rhymes: -okɑ
• Syllabification: jo‧ka

Pronoun

joka

1. (relative) who, which, that.

Usage notes

• As a relative pronoun, joka tends to refer only to the previous word or phrase, as opposed to a whole clause (like mikä). In colloquial usage, this distinction is usually not as clear-cut.

  Ostin uuden puhelimen, joka on toiminut hyvin.

  I bought a new phone that has been working well. ("that" refers to the phone)

  Ostin uuden puhelimen, mikä oli ihan hyvä kokemus.

  I bought a new phone, which was quite a good experience. ("which" refers to the purchase)

• In Eastern Finnish dialects, the indeclinable stem -ka is used and, thus, the pronoun forms with -ka can occur in standard Finnish on occasion, but it is colloquial or dialectal:

• joidenka, jotenka, joihinka, jonneka etc.

Inflection

Irregular. Some cases are practically never used. The conjunction jos may be the lative singular of this pronoun.

Declension of joka noun case singular plural adverbial form singular plural nominative joka jotka superessive – – genitive jonka joiden joitten delative – – partitive jota joita sublative jonne – accusative joka, jonka jotka lative (jos?) – inessive jossa joissa temporal jolloin – elative josta joista causative joten – illative johon joihin multiplicative – – adessive jolla joilla distributive – – ablative jolta joilta temp. dist. – – allative jolle joille prolative (joitse) – essive jona joina situative – – translative joksi joiksi oppositive – – instructive – (join) abessive (jotta) (joitta) comitative – (joine)

Determiner

joka

1. every, each

   Hän käy lenkillä joka päivä.

   She goes jogging every day.

   joka kerta ― every time

   joka puolella/puolelta/puolelle, joka paikassa/paikasta/paikkaan ― everywhere

   joka tapauksessa ― in any case, at any rate

   joka toinen vuosi ― every two years, biennially

Derived terms

Derived terms

• jok'ainoa
• joka ainoa
• joka ikinen

• jokamies
• jokapäiväinen
• joka toinen

Related terms

Related terms

• jokainen
• jokin

• joku
• jompikumpi

See also

• jokainen (close in meaning)

Anagrams

• jako, kajo, koja

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Garo

Noun

joka

1. to flow

   chibima jokangenga

   The river is flowing away

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Guaraní

Verb

joka

1. break

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Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *joka. Cognates include Finnish joka and Karelian joka.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa, Hevaha, Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈjokɑ/
• Hyphenation: jo‧ka

Determiner

joka (invariable)

1. every, each
   • 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 49:

     Joka paikaas flakut, väki.

     Everywhere there's flags, there's people

     (literally, “In every place flags, people.”)

   • 1936, L. G. Terehova; V. G. Erdeli, Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, transl., Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 7:

     No joka predmetan kupahain päivän pittuueel muuttuu.

     But the shadow of every object changes in length during the day.

Synonyms

• ikä

Derived terms

• jokahiin

 

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 105
• Olga I. Konkova; Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку‎^[1], →ISBN, page 79

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Latvian

Noun

joka m

1. genitive singular form of joks

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Swahili

Etymology

ji- +‎ nyoka

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya)

  (file)

Noun

joka (ma class, plural majoka)

1. Augmentative of nyoka: serpent (big snake)