papera

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpa.pe.ra/
• Rhymes: -apera
• Hyphenation: pà‧pe‧ra

Noun

papera f (plural papere)

1. female equivalent of papero
2. error
   1. slip of the tongue
   2. (film) blooper

Further reading

• Papera, italiano per blooper, Associazione per l'italiano (API), 15 April 2025.

Anagrams

• appare

Nheengatu

Etymology

Etymology tree

Ancient Greek πάπυρος (pápuros)bor.

Latin papȳrusslbor.

Old Catalan paperbor.

Old Galician-Portuguese papel

Portuguese papel

Proto-Tupian *-ap

Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?

Old Tupi -a

Old Tupi papera

Nheengatu papera

Inherited from Old Tupi papera, from Portuguese papel (“paper”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /paˈpera/, (Rio Negro) [paˈpɛ.ɾɐ]
• Rhymes: -era
• Hyphenation: pa‧pe‧ra

Noun

papera (plural papera-itá)

1. paper; sheet of paper
   • 2021, Bíblia Baré, Buia Igarapé; Alto Rio Negro Indigenous Territory: Missão Novas Tribos do Brasil, translation of The New Testament, 2 Juão 1:12:

     Harikure turusu hampinima arama penye arama, tihaputari hampinima penye arama tinta irumu papera upe, maa hamanduari hasu hamaa pepiri yakuntari arama puranga yayumusuuri arama turusu.

     I still have much to write to you [but] I don't want to write to you with ink and paper, I mean to go see you [and] we speak well, becoming very happy.

2. letter (written communication)
   • 1872, Charles Frederick Hartt, “Notas sobre a lingua geral, ou tupí moderno do Amazonas”, in Anais da Biblioteca Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, volume LI, Rio de Janeiro: M. E. S. Serviço Gráfico, partial translation of Notes on the Lingoa geral or modern Tupí of the Amazonas, published 1938, Frases (section II), page 380, line 848:

     ixé xamuñán xaikó iepé papéra, xamonono aráma seremirikó supé.

     I'm writing a letter to send to my wife.

3. book; notebook
   • 2016, chapter 2, in Florêncio Almeida Vaz Filho, Antônio Fernandes Góes Neto, editors, Nheengatu Tapajowara, 2nd edition (overall work in Nheengatu and Portuguese), Santarém: SELO Gráfica, →ISBN, page 16:

     Yandé yamungitá umbeumbeusáwa, paperaitá resé, kwá Kabanagem maramunha uyupirú waá Belém upé, janeiro ramé, 1985 akayú.

     We've read in story books (literally, “the story, in books”) this Cabanagem war started in Belém, in January, 1985.

   • 2017, Rodrigo Godinho Trevisan, chapter 1, in Tradução comentada da obra Le Petit Prince, de Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, do francês ao nheengatu [Commented translation of the work Le Petit Prince, by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, from French to Nheengatu]‎^[2] (overall work in Portuguese, French, and Nheengatu), São Paulo: Universidade de São Paulo, archived from the original on 27 November 2024, line 4:

     Papera unhee: "Buyawasú-itá umukuna aintá rimiara pawa usuú-suú-íma aintá. Asuí aintá ti ukataka-kwáu, aintá ukíri puyepé yasí aintá apú pukusawa."

     [original: On disait dans le livre: “Les serpents boas avalent leur proie tout entière, sans la mâcher. Ensuite ils ne peuvent plus bouger et ils dorment pendant les six mois de leur digestion."]

     The book says: "The big snakes swallow all their prey without chewing. Then, they can't move, sleeping for six months while they are full."

4. document
   • 1909, Frederico Benício de Sousa Costa, “Mahie Ia-munhan quau Mendariçaua ti ramé ahiqué Pahy”, in Elementos necessários para aprender o nheengatu; republished as Carta pastoral de D. Frederico Costa, Bispo do Amazonas a seus amados diocesanos, Ceará: Typ. Minerva, page 178, column 1:

     Qua papêra upé curi u-iumuapica mendari uahã itá, aitá testemunhaîtá irumo.

     This document must be signed by the couple togheter with the witnesses.

Derived terms

• kwáu papera
• papera-kawa

References

• Avila, Marcel Twardowsky (2021), “papera”, in Proposta de dicionário nheengatu-português [Nheengatu–Portuguese dictionary proposal] (in Portuguese), São Paulo: USP, →DOI, pages 578–579

Old Tupi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Ancient Greek πάπυρος (pápuros)bor.

Latin papȳrusslbor.

Old Catalan paperbor.

Old Galician-Portuguese papel

Portuguese papel

Proto-Tupian *-ap

Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?

Old Tupi -a

Old Tupi papera

Adapted borrowing of Portuguese papel (“paper”) +‎ -a.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [paˈpɛ.ɾa]
• Rhymes: -ɛɾa
• Hyphenation: pa‧pe‧ra

Noun

papera (possessable)

1. (Late Tupi) letter (written communication)

   Synonyms: i kûatiarapyra, kûatiara, mikûatiara

   • 1645 October 4, Antônio Filipe Camarão, Letter to Pedro Poti (Camarão Indians’ letters; 3):

     Tereyucaucar benhẽ e serã nhandu ẽdebeco xepapera reracoara Maẽ rae amo Ereyucaucariguá aebae ã aicúgoábiguá […] derigceira Capitão Diogo da Costa aimondo endebe xepapera reracobo coy ã

     [T'ereîukaukar benhẽ é serã nhandu endébe kó xe papera rerasoara? Ma'ẽ ra'e amõ ereîukaukar ygûá, a'eba'e ã aîkugûab ygûã. […] nde ryke'yra Capitão Diogo da Costa, aîmondó endébe xe papera rerasóbo ko'y ã]

     Are you really going to, as usual, have the deliverer of this letter of mine killed? See, I already know you had the other one killed. Your older brother, Capitão Diogo da Costa, I send carrying my letter now.

   • 1645 October 17, Diogo da Costa, Letter to Pedro Poti (Camarão Indians’ letters; 4):

     Ecemi coxepapera repiaca rupibe

     [Esemĩ, kó xe papera repîaka rupibé.]

     Just leave, as soon as you see this letter of mine.

2. (Língua Geral Amazônica) book

   Synonyms: kûatiara, libru

4. (Língua Geral Amazônica) paper
   • a. 1756, Anton Meisterburg, “Estudar”, in [Dicionário de Trier] (overall work in Portuguese and Língua Geral Amazônica), Baixo Xingu; Pará, page 19r, column 1, line 284; republished as Jean-Claude Muller et al., editors, Dicionário de língua geral amazônica, Potsdam: University of Potsdam, 2019, →DOI, page 167:

     aiemböè papéra recé.

     [aîembo'e papera resé.]

     I study.

     (literally, “I teach myself on paper.”)

Usage notes

Sense 3 was certainly present in Old Tupi since this is the original meaning in Portuguese, but it is not attested before 1700.

Derived terms

• papera rerasosoara
• papera rerusara

Descendants

• Nheengatu: papera

Further reading

• Navarro, Eduardo de Almeida (2013), “carta”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil ] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page XXXVI, column 1

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /paˈpeɾa/ [paˈpe.ɾa]
• Rhymes: -eɾa
• Syllabification: pa‧pe‧ra

Noun

papera f (plural paperas)

1. female equivalent of papero

Adjective

papera f

1. feminine singular of papero