parka

See also: Parka, párka, and parkā

English

Alternative forms

• parkee
• parki

Etymology

1780, ultimately from Tundra Nenets парка (parka), via Aleut parka and Russian па́рка (párka). Perhaps from Proto-Uralic; see dialectal Finnish parka (“rag, swaddling clothes”), which may be a cognate from Proto-Uralic, or an early borrowing from another Uralic language.

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈpɑɹkə/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈpɑːkə/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)kə
• Homophone: Parker (non-rhotic)

Noun

parka (plural parkas)

1. (clothing) A long jacket with a hood which protects the wearer against rain and wind.
   • 2002 January 3, James Meek, London Review of Books:

     Basir tended to wear a beige suede parka over his shalwar kameez.

Derived terms

• packing parka
• parkaed
• parka squirrel
• snorkel parka

Descendants

• → Afrikaans: parka
• → Chinese: 派克 (pàikè)
• → Dutch: parka
• → Finnish: parka
• → French: parka
• → German: Parka
• → Italian: parka
• → Japanese: パーカ (pāka)
• → Korean: 파카 (paka)
• → Polish: parka
• → Spanish: parka
• → Swedish: parkas
• → Turkish: parka

Translations

long jacket

• Afrikaans: parka, parkajas
• Aleut: parka
• Alutor: ит'ын (itˀən)
• Bulgarian: парка (bg) (parka)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 派克大衣 (zh) (pàikè dàyī)

• Czech: bunda s kapucí, parka (cs) f, větrovka f
• Dutch: parka (nl) m
• Finnish: parka (fi), anorakki (fi)
• French: parka (fr) m or f, doudoune (fr) f
• German: Anorak (de) m, Parka (de) m
• Indonesian: parka (id)
• Irish: parca m
• Italian: parka (it) m
• Japanese: パーカ (ja) (pāka), アノラック (anorakku)
• Korean: 파카 (paka), 아노락 (anorak)
• Polish: parka (pl) f
• Russian: па́рка (ru) f (párka), анора́к (ru) m (anorák), пухови́к (ru) m (puxovík)
• Spanish: parka (es) f
• Swedish: parkas (sv) c
• Turkish: parka (tr)
• Yup'ik: kamliikaq

See also

• anorak
• windcheater
• parka on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Aleut

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian па́рка (párka).

Noun

parka

1. parka, coat

Descendants

• → English: parka (see there for further descendants)

Czech

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian парка (parka).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈparka]
• Hyphenation: par‧ka

Noun

parka f

1. parka

Declension

Declension of parka (hard feminine reducible)

	singular	plural
nominative	parka	parky
genitive	parky	parek
dative	parce	parkám
accusative	parku	parky
vocative	parko	parky
locative	parce	parkách
instrumental	parkou	parkami

See also

• bunda

Further reading

• “parka”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “parka”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɑrkɑ/, [ˈpɑ̝rkɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ɑrkɑ
• Syllabification^(key): par‧ka
• Hyphenation^(key): par‧ka

Etymology 1

Uncertain. Perhaps an old cognate of the internationalism parka (“a sort of jacket”). If so, a loan from Tundra Nenets (see Proto-Samoyedic *pårkå) or, less likely, inherited from Proto-Uralic.

Noun

parka

1. poor thing, someone pitiful

   Synonyms: polo, poloinen, raasu, raukka, raukkaparka

   poikaparka ― poor boy

   tyttöparka ― poor girl

   miesparka ― poor man

   naisparka ― poor woman

   Voi parkaa! ― (Oh,) poor thing!

2. (dialectal) rag, swaddling of clothes

Declension

Inflection of parka (Kotus type 9*D/kala, k-∅ gradation)
nominative		parka	parat
genitive		paran	parkojen
partitive		parkaa	parkoja
illative		parkaan	parkoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		parka	parat
accusative	nom.	parka	parat
	gen.	paran
genitive		paran	parkojen parkain rare
partitive		parkaa	parkoja
inessive		parassa	paroissa
elative		parasta	paroista
illative		parkaan	parkoihin
adessive		paralla	paroilla
ablative		paralta	paroilta
allative		paralle	paroille
essive		parkana	parkoina
translative		paraksi	paroiksi
abessive		paratta	paroitta
instructive		—	paroin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of parka (Kotus type 9*D/kala, k-∅ gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative parkani parkani accusative nom. parkani parkani gen. parkani genitive parkani parkojeni parkaini rare partitive parkaani parkojani inessive parassani paroissani elative parastani paroistani illative parkaani parkoihini adessive parallani paroillani ablative paraltani paroiltani allative paralleni paroilleni essive parkanani parkoinani translative parakseni paroikseni abessive parattani paroittani instructive — — comitative — parkoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative parkasi parkasi accusative nom. parkasi parkasi gen. parkasi genitive parkasi parkojesi parkaisi rare partitive parkaasi parkojasi inessive parassasi paroissasi elative parastasi paroistasi illative parkaasi parkoihisi adessive parallasi paroillasi ablative paraltasi paroiltasi allative parallesi paroillesi essive parkanasi parkoinasi translative paraksesi paroiksesi abessive parattasi paroittasi instructive — — comitative — parkoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative parkamme parkamme accusative nom. parkamme parkamme gen. parkamme genitive parkamme parkojemme parkaimme rare partitive parkaamme parkojamme inessive parassamme paroissamme elative parastamme paroistamme illative parkaamme parkoihimme adessive parallamme paroillamme ablative paraltamme paroiltamme allative parallemme paroillemme essive parkanamme parkoinamme translative paraksemme paroiksemme abessive parattamme paroittamme instructive — — comitative — parkoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative parkanne parkanne accusative nom. parkanne parkanne gen. parkanne genitive parkanne parkojenne parkainne rare partitive parkaanne parkojanne inessive parassanne paroissanne elative parastanne paroistanne illative parkaanne parkoihinne adessive parallanne paroillanne ablative paraltanne paroiltanne allative parallenne paroillenne essive parkananne parkoinanne translative paraksenne paroiksenne abessive parattanne paroittanne instructive — — comitative — parkoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative parkansa parkansa accusative nom. parkansa parkansa gen. parkansa genitive parkansa parkojensa parkainsa rare partitive parkaansa parkojaan parkojansa inessive parassaan parassansa paroissaan paroissansa elative parastaan parastansa paroistaan paroistansa illative parkaansa parkoihinsa adessive parallaan parallansa paroillaan paroillansa ablative paraltaan paraltansa paroiltaan paroiltansa allative paralleen parallensa paroilleen paroillensa essive parkanaan parkanansa parkoinaan parkoinansa translative parakseen paraksensa paroikseen paroiksensa abessive parattaan parattansa paroittaan paroittansa instructive — — comitative — parkoineen parkoinensa

Derived terms

compounds

• ihmisparka
• lapsiparka
• miesparka
• piruparka
• poikaparka
• tyttöparka

Further reading

• “1. parka”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 1 July 2023

Etymology 2

Internationalism (compare English parka). From Tundra Nenets парка (parka), via Aleut parka and Russian па́рка (párka). Possibly related to parka (etymology 1; see there for more).

Noun

parka

1. parka

Declension

Inflection of parka (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative		parka	parkat
genitive		parkan	parkojen
partitive		parkaa	parkoja
illative		parkaan	parkoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		parka	parkat
accusative	nom.	parka	parkat
	gen.	parkan
genitive		parkan	parkojen parkain rare
partitive		parkaa	parkoja
inessive		parkassa	parkoissa
elative		parkasta	parkoista
illative		parkaan	parkoihin
adessive		parkalla	parkoilla
ablative		parkalta	parkoilta
allative		parkalle	parkoille
essive		parkana	parkoina
translative		parkaksi	parkoiksi
abessive		parkatta	parkoitta
instructive		—	parkoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of parka (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative parkani parkani accusative nom. parkani parkani gen. parkani genitive parkani parkojeni parkaini rare partitive parkaani parkojani inessive parkassani parkoissani elative parkastani parkoistani illative parkaani parkoihini adessive parkallani parkoillani ablative parkaltani parkoiltani allative parkalleni parkoilleni essive parkanani parkoinani translative parkakseni parkoikseni abessive parkattani parkoittani instructive — — comitative — parkoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative parkasi parkasi accusative nom. parkasi parkasi gen. parkasi genitive parkasi parkojesi parkaisi rare partitive parkaasi parkojasi inessive parkassasi parkoissasi elative parkastasi parkoistasi illative parkaasi parkoihisi adessive parkallasi parkoillasi ablative parkaltasi parkoiltasi allative parkallesi parkoillesi essive parkanasi parkoinasi translative parkaksesi parkoiksesi abessive parkattasi parkoittasi instructive — — comitative — parkoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative parkamme parkamme accusative nom. parkamme parkamme gen. parkamme genitive parkamme parkojemme parkaimme rare partitive parkaamme parkojamme inessive parkassamme parkoissamme elative parkastamme parkoistamme illative parkaamme parkoihimme adessive parkallamme parkoillamme ablative parkaltamme parkoiltamme allative parkallemme parkoillemme essive parkanamme parkoinamme translative parkaksemme parkoiksemme abessive parkattamme parkoittamme instructive — — comitative — parkoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative parkanne parkanne accusative nom. parkanne parkanne gen. parkanne genitive parkanne parkojenne parkainne rare partitive parkaanne parkojanne inessive parkassanne parkoissanne elative parkastanne parkoistanne illative parkaanne parkoihinne adessive parkallanne parkoillanne ablative parkaltanne parkoiltanne allative parkallenne parkoillenne essive parkananne parkoinanne translative parkaksenne parkoiksenne abessive parkattanne parkoittanne instructive — — comitative — parkoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative parkansa parkansa accusative nom. parkansa parkansa gen. parkansa genitive parkansa parkojensa parkainsa rare partitive parkaansa parkojaan parkojansa inessive parkassaan parkassansa parkoissaan parkoissansa elative parkastaan parkastansa parkoistaan parkoistansa illative parkaansa parkoihinsa adessive parkallaan parkallansa parkoillaan parkoillansa ablative parkaltaan parkaltansa parkoiltaan parkoiltansa allative parkalleen parkallensa parkoilleen parkoillensa essive parkanaan parkanansa parkoinaan parkoinansa translative parkakseen parkaksensa parkoikseen parkoiksensa abessive parkattaan parkattansa parkoittaan parkoittansa instructive — — comitative — parkoineen parkoinensa

Further reading

• “2. parka”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 1 July 2023

French

Pronunciation

• Audio (France (Toulouse)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

Noun

parka m or f (plural parkas)

1. parka

Further reading

• “parka”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Latvian

Noun

parka m

1. genitive singular of parks

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈparka/

Noun

parka

1. inflection of park:
   1. genitive singular
   2. nominative/accusative dual

Polish

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈpar.ka/

• (Lesser Poland):
  • (Lasovia) IPA^(key): /ˈpar.ka/
  • (Eastern Lublin) IPA^(key): [ˈpar.ka]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -arka
• Syllabification: par‧ka

Etymology 1

From para (“couple”) +‎ -ka (diminutive suffix).

Noun

parka f

1. diminutive of para

Etymology 2

From para (“steam”) +‎ -ka (diminutive suffix).

Noun

parka f

1. (rare) diminutive of para
2. (Lasovia) synonym of prażucha
3. (Eastern Lublin, Zamość County) synonym of krew (“human blood”)

Etymology 3

Borrowed from English parka, ultimately from Tundra Nenets парка (parka), via Aleut parka and Russian па́рка (párka).

Noun

parka f

1. parka (heavy weatherproof jacket)

Etymology 4

Learned borrowing from Latin Parca.

Noun

parka f

1. (Roman mythology) Parca (one of the Fates)

Declension

Declension of parka

	singular	plural
nominative	parka	parki
genitive	parki	parek
dative	parce	parkom
accusative	parkę	parki
instrumental	parką	parkami
locative	parce	parkach
vocative	parko	parki

Further reading

• parka in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• parka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Oskar Kolberg (1865), “parka”, in Lud. Jego zwyczaje, sposób życia, mowa, podania, przysłowia, obrzędy, gusła, zabawy, pieśni, muzyka i tańce. Serya II. Sandomierskie (in Polish), page 264
• Hieronim Łopaciński (1892), “parka”, in “Przyczynki do nowego słownika języka polskiego (słownik wyrazów ludowych z Lubelskiego i innych okolic Królestwa Polskiego”, in Prace Filologiczne (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page 230

Spanish

Noun

parka f (plural parkas)

1. parka

Further reading

• “parka”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024