pendar

Albanian

Etymology

According to Orel, sense 1 is an early borrowing from Proto-Slavic *pǫdarь. For sense 2 and sense 3, derived from pendë (“plough animals yoked together”) +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /penˈdaɾ/
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Hyphenation: pen‧dár

Noun

pendar m (plural pendarë, definite pendari, definite plural pendarët)

2. watchman

   Synonyms: bekçi, rojtar

4. (historical) sharecropper, tenant farmer

   Synonym: çifçi

6. ploughing oxen rider; ploughman

Declension

Declension of pendar

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	pendar	pendari	pendarë	pendarët
accusative		pendarin
dative	pendari	pendarit	pendarëve	pendarëve
ablative			pendarësh

Related terms

• pendë
• pendore

Further reading

• FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎^[1], 1980
• “pendar”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006

Ido

Etymology

From Esperanto pendi, from English pend, French pendre, Italian pendere, Spanish pender, from Latin pendere.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pen.ˈdar/, /pɛn.ˈdaɾ/

Verb

pendar (present tense pendas, past tense pendis, future tense pendos, imperative pendez, conditional pendus)

1. (intransitive) to hang down, suspend, hang, dangle

   Ka vu ja pendis nia nova lampo de la plafono?

   Have you already hung our new lampo from the ceiling?

2. (transitive) hang up

   Mea papa pendis fotografuro de me en la salono.

   My dad hung a photograph of me in the living room.

3. (transitive) to hang somebody using a gibbet or a cord in order to kill him/her by strangulation

Conjugation

Conjugation of pendar

		present		past		future
infinitive		pendar		pendir		pendor
tense		pendas		pendis		pendos
conditional		pendus		—		—
imperative		pendez		—		—
adjective active participle		pendanta		pendinta		pendonta
adverbial active participle		pendante		pendinte		pendonte
nominal active participle	singular	pendanto		pendinto		pendonto
	plural	pendanti		pendinti		pendonti
adjective passive participle		pendata		pendita		pendota
adverbial passive participle		pendate		pendite		pendote
nominal passive participle	singular	pendato		pendito		pendoto
	plural	pendati		penditi		pendoti

Synonyms

• (2) akrochar

Antonyms

• despendar

Derived terms

• pendanta (“aweigh, dependent”)
• pendito (“hung”)
• pendajo (“hang, dependent, wattle, bob”)
• pendigar (“to suspend, hang”)

Indonesian

Etymology

Inherited from Malay pendar.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /pənˈdar/ [pənˈdar]
• Rhymes: -ar
• Syllabification: pen‧dar

Noun

pêndar (plural pendar-pendar)

1. bioluminescence (of glowworms, fireflies, millipedes)
2. phosphorescence (of seas)

Further reading

• “pendar”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Latin

Verb

pendar

1. first-person singular future passive indicative of pendō

Malay

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

Pronunciation

• (Baku) IPA^(key): /pənˈdar/ [pənˈdar]
  • Rhymes: -ar

• (schwa-variety) IPA^(key): /pənˈda(r)/ [pənˈda(r)]
  • Rhymes: -ar, -a
• Hyphenation: pen‧dar

Noun

pendar (plural pendar-pendar or pendar²)

1. flickering light; gleaming ray
   1. bioluminescence (of glowworms, fireflies, millipedes)

      Synonyms: biopendar, biopendarcahaya

   2. phosphorescence (of seas)

      Synonyms: kinar, penar (Kedah, Kelantan-Pattani)

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

• berpendar-pendar (“to see stars”)
• biopendar (“bioluminescence”)
• biopendarcahaya (“bioluminescence”)
• mata pendar (“to see stars”)
• pendarcahaya (“luminescence”)
• pendarfosfor (“phosphorescent; phosphorescence”)
• pendar irisan (“irisation”)

Descendants

• > Indonesian: pendar (inherited)

Verb

pendar

1. (intransitive, photography) to pan (of cameras)

Further reading

• "pendar" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017

Old Leonese

Etymology

From pende +‎ -ar. Found in a Spanish document with heavy Leonese influence (Tractatus de proprietatibus rerum) dating to 1480.

Verb

pendar

1. to comb
   • 1480, Tractatus de proprietatibus rerum (Leonese-influenced Spanish):

     Contra el enojo de los piojos aprovecha mucho lavar a menudo la cabeça y pendarla y purgarla por medecina

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Descendants

• Asturian: peñar, peinar
• Leonese: peñar, piñar, pinar, pendar
• Mirandese: pendar, peinar

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Greek πεντάρα (pentára).

Noun

pendar m (plural pendari)

1. (obsolete) a coin worth five para or five lei

Declension

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	pendar	pendarul		pendari	pendarii
genitive-dative	pendar	pendarului		pendari	pendarilor
vocative	pendarule			pendarilor

References

• pendar in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN