roth

See also: Roth and roð

German

Adjective

roth (comparative röther, superlative am röthesten)

1. Obsolete spelling of rot: red

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Irish

Alternative forms

• rotha f

Etymology

From Old Irish roth, from Proto-Celtic *rotos (“wheel, chariot”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hroth₂os.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɾˠɔ(h)/

Noun

roth m (genitive singular rotha, nominative plural rothaí)

1. (architecture, heraldry, mechanical engineering, pyrotechnics) wheel (multiple senses)
   1. (familiar) bicycle

Declension

Declension of roth

Third declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative roth rothaí Vocative a roth a rothaí Genitive rotha rothaí Dative roth rothaí

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an roth na rothaí Genitive an rotha na rothaí Dative leis an roth don roth leis na rothaí

Derived terms

• bád rotha m (“paddleboat”)
• giar-roth (“gear-wheel”)
• mítéar-roth (“mitre-wheel”)
• pionna rotha m (“linchpin”)
• roth altach (“caterpillar-wheel”)
• roth bíse (“screw-wheel”)
• roth breise (“spare wheel”)
• roth Chaitríona (“Catherine-wheel”)
• roth corónach (“crown wheel”)
• roth cothromaíochta (“balance-wheel”)
• roth cuirtíní (“(curtain-)runner”)
• roth deiridh (“back wheel”)
• roth fiaclach (“cogged wheel”)
• roth gearrtha (“cutting-wheel”)
• roth laindéir (“lantern pinion”)
• roth lián (“paddle-wheel”)
• roth lústair (“fly-wheel”)
• roth muilinn (“mill-wheel”)
• roth pionnaí (“pin-wheel”)
• roth potaire (“potter's wheel”)
• roth prioctha (“pricking-wheel”)
• roth raicín (“ratchet-wheel”)
• roth rianaithe (“tracing-wheel”)
• roth spoir (“rowel”)
• roth stiúrtha (“steering-wheel”)
• roth tiomána (“driving-wheel”)
• roth tomhais (“trundle wheel”)
• roth tosaigh (“front wheel”)
• roth tuirlingthe (“landing-wheel”)
• roth uisce (“water-wheel”)
• roth ulóige (“pulley-wheel”)
• rothach (“wheeled; cyclic(al)”, adjective)
• rothadóir m (“wheelwright”)
• rothaigh (“cycle”, intransitive verb)
• rothaí m (“cyclist”)
• rothán m (“small wheel; loop, ring, hank”)
• rothchreatlach m (“spider”)
• rothdhiosca m (“wheel-disc”)
• rothfhad m (“wheel-base”)
• rothfhuinneog f (“wheel-window”)
• rothghléasra m (“train”)
• rothlach (“rotating, rotary, rotatory”, adjective)
• rothlaigh (“rotate, gyrate; whirl, spin”, verb)
• rothlam m (“roll; whirl, spin; strayer, roamer; catch”)
• rothmhol m (“wheel of water-mill; whirling motion”)
• rothóg f (diminutive)
• rothra m (“rotary press”)
• rothshraith f (“wheel-train”)
• rothshruth
• saor-roth (“free-wheel”)

 

Related terms

• rothaíocht f (“cycling, biking”)
• rothánach (“circulating”, adjective)
• rothar m (“bicycle”)

 

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “roth”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “roth”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “roth”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “roth”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024

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Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *rotos (“wheel, chariot”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hróth₂os (compare Latin rota (“wheel”), Sanskrit रथ (rátha, “chariot”) and Old High German rad (“wheel”)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /r͈oθ/

Noun

roth m

1. wheel
2. disc
3. sphere

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	roth	rothL	roithL
Vocative	roith	rothL	routhuH
Accusative	rothN	rothL	routhuH
Genitive	roithL	roth	rothN
Dative	routhL	rothaib	rothaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Synonyms

• droch

Descendants

• Irish: roth
• Scottish Gaelic: roth

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
roth also rroth after a proclitic ending in a vowel	roth pronounced with /r(ʲ)-/	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “roth”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

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Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish roth, from , from Proto-Indo-European *Hroth₂os.

Noun

roth m (genitive singular rotha, plural rothan)

1. wheel

   roth a' mhuilinn ― the mill-wheel

   roth-cartach ― a cart-wheel

   roth mór ― the driving-wheel of spinning-wheel

   eadar na rothan ― between the wheels

2. rim (of a wheel)
3. halo

   Tha roth mun ghealaich. ― There is a halo round the moon.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “roth”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language