rugir

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin rugīre, present active infinitive of rugiō (“roar”) (19th century).

Verb

rugir (first-person singular present rugeixo, first-person singular preterite rugí, past participle rugit)

1. to roar

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French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin rugīre, present active infinitive of rugiō (“roar”). Cf. Old French ruir, a more gallicized variant. See also rut.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁy.ʒiʁ/

Verb

rugir

1. to roar

Conjugation

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of rugir (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	rugir
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	rugissant /ʁy.ʒi.sɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		rugi /ʁy.ʒi/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	rugis /ʁy.ʒi/	rugis /ʁy.ʒi/	rugit /ʁy.ʒi/	rugissons /ʁy.ʒi.sɔ̃/	rugissez /ʁy.ʒi.se/	rugissent /ʁy.ʒis/
	imperfect	rugissais /ʁy.ʒi.sɛ/	rugissais /ʁy.ʒi.sɛ/	rugissait /ʁy.ʒi.sɛ/	rugissions /ʁy.ʒi.sjɔ̃/	rugissiez /ʁy.ʒi.sje/	rugissaient /ʁy.ʒi.sɛ/
	past historic2	rugis /ʁy.ʒi/	rugis /ʁy.ʒi/	rugit /ʁy.ʒi/	rugîmes /ʁy.ʒim/	rugîtes /ʁy.ʒit/	rugirent /ʁy.ʒiʁ/
	future	rugirai /ʁy.ʒi.ʁe/	rugiras /ʁy.ʒi.ʁa/	rugira /ʁy.ʒi.ʁa/	rugirons /ʁy.ʒi.ʁɔ̃/	rugirez /ʁy.ʒi.ʁe/	rugiront /ʁy.ʒi.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	rugirais /ʁy.ʒi.ʁɛ/	rugirais /ʁy.ʒi.ʁɛ/	rugirait /ʁy.ʒi.ʁɛ/	rugirions /ʁy.ʒi.ʁjɔ̃/	rugiriez /ʁy.ʒi.ʁje/	rugiraient /ʁy.ʒi.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	rugisse /ʁy.ʒis/	rugisses /ʁy.ʒis/	rugisse /ʁy.ʒis/	rugissions /ʁy.ʒi.sjɔ̃/	rugissiez /ʁy.ʒi.sje/	rugissent /ʁy.ʒis/
	imperfect2	rugisse /ʁy.ʒis/	rugisses /ʁy.ʒis/	rugît /ʁy.ʒi/	rugissions /ʁy.ʒi.sjɔ̃/	rugissiez /ʁy.ʒi.sje/	rugissent /ʁy.ʒis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	rugis /ʁy.ʒi/	—	rugissons /ʁy.ʒi.sɔ̃/	rugissez /ʁy.ʒi.se/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

• rugissement

Further reading

• “rugir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

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Portuguese

Etymology

Probably borrowed from Latin rugīre, present active infinitive of rugiō (“roar”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁuˈʒiɾ/

Verb

1. to roar (to make a loud, deep cry)

Related terms

• ruído

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Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin rugīre, present active infinitive of rugiō (“roar”). Compare the inherited Old Spanish (and Ladino) ruir; cf. also the related ruido.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ruˈxiɾ/ [ruˈxiɾ]

Verb

1. to roar
2. to bellow
3. to rumble

Related terms

• ruido