rugi

See also: Rugi, rugí, and ruĝi

Central Bikol

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɾuˈɡiʔ/ [ɾuˈɡiʔ]
• Hyphenation: ru‧gi

Noun

rugî (Basahan spelling ᜍᜓᜄᜒ)

1. doughiness; softness (of food due to overcooking)

Derived terms

• magrugi
• marugi

Central Dusun

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *duʀi (“thorn”). Compare Central Bikol dugi, Sangir duhi, Tombulu duhi and Malay duri.

Noun

rugi

1. thorn

References

• “rugi”, in Dusun dictionary, 2025–2026

Faroese

Noun

rugi

1. dative singular indefinite of rugur

French

Etymology

Past participle of rugir; borrowed from Latin rugītus. Doublet of rut, which was inherited.

Participle

rugi (feminine rugie, masculine plural rugis, feminine plural rugies)

1. past participle of rugir

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay rugi, from Sanskrit रोग (roga, “disease, infirmity, sickness”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈruɡi]
• Hyphenation: ru‧gi

Noun

rugi (plural rugi-rugi)

1. loss

Affixed terms

• berkerugian
• berugi
• kerugian
• merugi
• merugikan

Compounds

• rugi barang
• rugi keseluruhan total
• rugi tenaga
• rugi waktu

Further reading

• “rugi”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Japanese

Romanization

rugi

1. Rōmaji transcription of るぎ

Kimaragang

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *duʀi (“thorn”). Compare Central Bikol dugi, Sangir duhi, Tombulu duhi and Malay duri.

Noun

rugi

1. thorn

Latin

Verb

rugī

1. second-person singular present active imperative of rugiō

Malay

Etymology

From Sanskrit रोग (roga, “disease, infirmity, sickness”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈruɡi/ [ˈru.ɡi]
• Rhymes: -ɡi

Noun

rugi (Jawi spelling روݢي, plural rugi-rugi or rugi²)

1. loss, financial loss

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• kerugian [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
• merugi [agent focus] (meN-)
• merugikan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
• dirugikan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
• berugi [stative / habitual] (beR-)
• berugi-rugi [reduplication + stative / habitual] (redup + beR-)

Descendants

• Indonesian: rugi

Verb

rugi (Jawi spelling روݢي)

1. to lose out

Further reading

• "rugi" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈru.ɡi/
• Rhymes: -uɡi
• Syllabification: ru‧gi

Noun

rugi f

1. inflection of ruga:
   1. genitive singular
   2. nominative/accusative/vocative plural

Noun

rugi m inan

1. nominative/accusative/vocative plural of rug

Portuguese

Verb

rugi

1. inflection of rugir:
   1. first-person singular preterite indicative
   2. second-person plural imperative

Romanian

Etymology 1

Noun

rugi m

1. plural of rug

rugi f

1. plural of rugă

Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin rugīre. Compare Aromanian arujescu, arujiri (“neigh”).

Verb

a rugi (third-person singular present rugește, past participle rugit) 4th conjugation

1. (archaic, rare) to roar, bellow, howl

   Synonyms: rage, mugi, zbiera

Conjugation

    conjugation of rugi (fourth conjugation, -esc- infix)

infinitive			a rugi
gerund			rugind
past participle			rugit
number		singular			plural
person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	rugesc	rugești	rugește	rugim	rugiți	rugesc
	imperfect	rugeam	rugeai	rugea	rugeam	rugeați	rugeau
	simple perfect	rugii	rugiși	rugi	rugirăm	rugirăți	rugiră
	pluperfect	rugisem	rugiseși	rugise	rugiserăm	rugiserăți	rugiseră
subjunctive		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	să rugesc	să rugești	să rugească	să rugim	să rugiți	să rugească
imperative		—	tu	—	—	voi	—
	affirmative		rugește			rugiți
	negative		nu rugi			nu rugiți

Related terms

• ruget

Rungus

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *duʀi (“thorn”). Compare Central Bikol dugi, Sangir duhi, Tombulu duhi and Malay duri.

Noun

rugi

1. thorn

Ternate

Etymology

From Malay rugi, from Sanskrit रोग (roga).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɾu.ɡi]

Noun

rugi

1. loss

Verb

rugi

1. (transitive) to lose (an object, etc.)

Conjugation

Conjugation of rugi

		singular	plural
			inclusive	exclusive
1st person		torugi	forugi	mirugi
2nd person		norugi	nirugi
3rd person	masculine	orugi	irugi yorugi (archaic)
	feminine	morugi
	neuter	irugi

References

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001), A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Tobilung

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *duʀi (“thorn”).

Noun

rugi

1. thorn

Upper Kinabatangan

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *duʀi (“thorn”). Compare Central Bikol dugi, Sangir duhi, Tombulu duhi and Malay duri.

Noun

rugi

1. thorn