rynek

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Czech[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Czech rynek, from Middle High German rinc (“town square”), originally “ring”,[1] from Old High German ring. Doublet of ring (“boxing ring”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

rynek m inan

  1. (dated) square, an open space in a town [from 14th c.]
    Synonym: náměstí
    • 1877, Jakub Malý, “Kopidlno”, in Vlastenský slovník historický‎[2], Praha: Rohlíček & Sievers, pages 371–372:
      Roku 1506 v sobotu po sv. Václavě sťat jest na rynku Starého města Pražského mladý 24letý zeman Jan Kopidlanský, jenžto zabil jiného zemana Cukra z Tamfeldu.
      In 1506, on Saturday after the Saint Wenceslas day, young yeoman Jan Kopidlanský, who had killed another yeoman Cukr of Tamfeld, was executed on the square of the Old Town of Prague.

Declension[edit]

Declension of rynek (velar masculine inanimate reducible)
singular plural
nominative rynek rynky
genitive rynku rynků
dative rynku rynkům
accusative rynek rynky
vocative rynku rynky
locative rynku ryncích
instrumental rynkem rynky

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Rejzek, Jiří (2015) “ryn(e)k”, in Český etymologický slovník [Czech Etymological Dictionary] (in Czech), 3rd (revised and expanded) edition, Praha: LEDA, →ISBN, page 608

Further reading[edit]

  • rynek in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu
  • rynek in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
  • rynek in Internetová jazyková příručka

Old Czech[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Middle High German rinc (“town square”), originally “ring”,[1] from Old High German ring.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): (13th CE) /ˈrɨnɛk/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /ˈrinɛk/

Noun[edit]

rynek m inan

  1. market, square (open area in the center of a town housing a public market)
  2. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
    1. wide city street; avenue, especially circular
  3. atrium (interior of the house, especially without a roof)

Declension[edit]

Declension of rynek (hard o-stem reducible)
singular dual plural
nominative rynek rynky rynci, rynkové
genitive rynka, rynku rynkú rynkóv
dative rynku rynkoma rynkóm
accusative rynek rynky rynky
vocative rynče rynky rynci, rynkové
locative ryncě, rynku rynkú rynciech
instrumental rynkem rynkoma rynky
This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

Descendants[edit]

  • Czech: rynek

References[edit]

  1. ^ Rejzek, Jiří (2015) “ryn(e)k”, in Český etymologický slovník [Czech Etymological Dictionary] (in Czech), 3rd (revised and expanded) edition, Praha: LEDA, →ISBN, page 608

Old Polish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Middle High German rinc, from Old High German ring. First attested in 1400.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /rɨnɛk/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /rɨnɛk/

Noun[edit]

rynek m ? (related adjective rynkowy)

  1. market, square (open area in the center of a town housing a public market)
    • 1888 [1400], Romuald Hube, editor, Zbiór rot przysiąg sądowych poznańskich, kościańskich, kaliskich, sieradzkich, piotrkowskich i dobrzyszyckich z końca wieku XIV i pierwszych lat wieku XV‎[3], page 79:
      Cso Potrasz Potraszowi dal rani, to mu ye dal, eze gi potkaw na rinku y dal mu naprzod rani
      [Czso Piotrasz Piotraszowi dał rany, to mu je dał, eże ji potkaw na rynku i dał mu naprzód rany]
  2. corruption
    • 1930 [Fifteenth century], “Gen”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)‎[4], 10, 12:
      Vdzala... Chale y *rinek* myedzi Nynywen a Chale (aedificavit... Chale, Resen quoque inter Niniven et Chale)
      [Udziała... Chale i *Rynek* miedzy Niniwen a Chale (aedificavit... Chale, Resen quoque inter Niniven et Chale)]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

Polish[edit]

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Polish rynek. Doublet of ranga and ring.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈrɨ.nɛk/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɨnɛk
  • Syllabification: ry‧nek

Noun[edit]

rynek m inan (diminutive ryneczek, related adjective rynkowy)

  1. market, marketplace (city square or other fairly spacious site where traders set up stalls and buyers browse the merchandise)
  2. (colloquial) marketplace (open area hosting a public market)
    Synonym: targowisko
  3. (economics, trading) market (formally organized system of trading in specified goods or effects)
  4. (economics, trading, colloquial) market (group of people dealing in trade)
  5. (obsolete) area (place designated for particular activities)

Declension[edit]

Declension of rynek
singular plural
nominative rynek rynki
genitive rynku rynków
dative rynkowi rynkom
accusative rynek rynki
instrumental rynkiem rynkami
locative rynku rynkach
vocative rynku rynki

Derived terms[edit]

nouns

Descendants[edit]

Trivia[edit]

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), rynek is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 11 times in scientific texts, 16 times in news, 33 times in essays, 4 times in fiction, and 2 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 66 times, making it the 996th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “rynek”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[1] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 512

Further reading[edit]

  • rynek in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • rynek in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “rynek”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • “RYNEK”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 03.03.2009
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “rynek”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎[5]
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “rynek”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861‎[6]
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1912), “rynek”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎[7] (in Polish), volume 5, Warsaw, page 794
  • Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “rynek 2”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)

Silesian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Polish rynek.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

rynek m inan (diminutive ryneczek)

  1. (trading) market, marketplace (open area in a town housing a public market)
  2. (trading) market (formally organized system of trading in specified goods or effects)

Declension[edit]

Declension of rynek
singular plural
nominative rynek rynki
genitive rynku rynkōw
dative rynkowi rynkōm
accusative rynek rynki
instrumental rynkym rynkami/rynkōma
locative rynku rynkach
vocative rynku rynki

Further reading[edit]

  • rynek in silling.org
  • Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022) “rynek”, in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKR[i]BL, page 130
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