saisir
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Middle French saisir, from Old French saisir, seisir (whence English seize), from Early Medieval Latin sacīre (“lay claim to, take seisin”), from Frankish *sakjan (“to sue, litigate; accuse”).[1][2] Compare Old English sacian (“to strive, brawl”), Faroese saka (“to hurt; accuse”), obsolete English sake (“strife”).
Alternatively Old French saisir, seisir may be borrowed from Old High German *sazjan[3] and thus cognate to German setzen (“to set”) and Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (satjan).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]saisir
- to take hold of; to grab
- to seize, to take (an illegal product), to capture
- to grasp mentally; understand
- (computing) to capture (screen or data)
- (computing) to type (something) into a computer; to input
- (accounting) to record (something) in an account, ledger, etc.
- (law) to vest a court with a case; to refer a matter to a court
Conjugation
[edit]This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
infinitive | simple | saisir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | saisissant /sɛ.zi.sɑ̃/ or /se.zi.sɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | saisi /sɛ.zi/ or /se.zi/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | saisis /sɛ.zi/ or /se.zi/ |
saisis /sɛ.zi/ or /se.zi/ |
saisit /sɛ.zi/ or /se.zi/ |
saisissons /sɛ.zi.sɔ̃/ or /se.zi.sɔ̃/ |
saisissez /sɛ.zi.se/ or /se.zi.se/ |
saisissent /sɛ.zis/ or /se.zis/ |
imperfect | saisissais /sɛ.zi.sɛ/ or /se.zi.sɛ/ |
saisissais /sɛ.zi.sɛ/ or /se.zi.sɛ/ |
saisissait /sɛ.zi.sɛ/ or /se.zi.sɛ/ |
saisissions /sɛ.zi.sjɔ̃/ or /se.zi.sjɔ̃/ |
saisissiez /sɛ.zi.sje/ or /se.zi.sje/ |
saisissaient /sɛ.zi.sɛ/ or /se.zi.sɛ/ | |
past historic2 | saisis /sɛ.zi/ or /se.zi/ |
saisis /sɛ.zi/ or /se.zi/ |
saisit /sɛ.zi/ or /se.zi/ |
saisîmes /sɛ.zim/ or /se.zim/ |
saisîtes /sɛ.zit/ or /se.zit/ |
saisirent /sɛ.ziʁ/ or /se.ziʁ/ | |
future | saisirai /sɛ.zi.ʁe/ or /se.zi.ʁe/ |
saisiras /sɛ.zi.ʁa/ or /se.zi.ʁa/ |
saisira /sɛ.zi.ʁa/ or /se.zi.ʁa/ |
saisirons /sɛ.zi.ʁɔ̃/ or /se.zi.ʁɔ̃/ |
saisirez /sɛ.zi.ʁe/ or /se.zi.ʁe/ |
saisiront /sɛ.zi.ʁɔ̃/ or /se.zi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | saisirais /sɛ.zi.ʁɛ/ or /se.zi.ʁɛ/ |
saisirais /sɛ.zi.ʁɛ/ or /se.zi.ʁɛ/ |
saisirait /sɛ.zi.ʁɛ/ or /se.zi.ʁɛ/ |
saisirions /sɛ.zi.ʁjɔ̃/ or /se.zi.ʁjɔ̃/ |
saisiriez /sɛ.zi.ʁje/ or /se.zi.ʁje/ |
saisiraient /sɛ.zi.ʁɛ/ or /se.zi.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | saisisse /sɛ.zis/ or /se.zis/ |
saisisses /sɛ.zis/ or /se.zis/ |
saisisse /sɛ.zis/ or /se.zis/ |
saisissions /sɛ.zi.sjɔ̃/ or /se.zi.sjɔ̃/ |
saisissiez /sɛ.zi.sje/ or /se.zi.sje/ |
saisissent /sɛ.zis/ or /se.zis/ |
imperfect2 | saisisse /sɛ.zis/ or /se.zis/ |
saisisses /sɛ.zis/ or /se.zis/ |
saisît /sɛ.zi/ or /se.zi/ |
saisissions /sɛ.zi.sjɔ̃/ or /se.zi.sjɔ̃/ |
saisissiez /sɛ.zi.sje/ or /se.zi.sje/ |
saisissent /sɛ.zis/ or /se.zis/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | saisis /sɛ.zi/ or /se.zi/ |
— | saisissons /sɛ.zi.sɔ̃/ or /se.zi.sɔ̃/ |
saisissez /sɛ.zi.se/ or /se.zi.se/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ C. T. Onions, ed., Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology, s.v. “seize” (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966), 807.
- ^ Robert K. Barnhart & Sol Steinmetz, eds., Barnhart Dictionary of Etymology, s.v. “seize” (Bronx, NY: H. W. Wilson, 1988), 980.
- ^ Etymology and history of “saisir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Further reading
[edit]- “saisir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
- French terms inherited from Middle French
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Early Medieval Latin
- French terms derived from Early Medieval Latin
- French terms derived from Frankish
- French terms derived from Old High German
- French 2-syllable words
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- French verbs with conjugation -ir
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