spiritus asper

See also: Spiritus asper

English

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Latin spīritus asper, from Ancient Greek δασὺ πνεῦμα (dasù pneûma).

Noun

spiritus asper (plural spiritus aspers)

1. (orthography) Synonym of rough breathing.
   • 1836 May, “System of Orthography for Chinese words”, in The Chinese Repository‎^[1], volume V, number I, page 27:

     h, as an aspirate, is very frequent in Chinese ; it is generally a stronger aspirate than in English : in the dialects of the south it is often changed into f, in the north into s, or sh. To mark an aspirate after a consonant, we use the Greek spiritus asper in preference to h.

Latin

Etymology

Calque of Ancient Greek δασὺ πνεῦμα (dasù pneûma).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈspiː.rɪ.tʊs ˈas.pɛr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈspiː.ri.tus ˈas.per]

Noun

spīritus asper m (genitive spīritūs asperī); fourth declension

1. rough breathing

   Coordinate term: spīritus lēnis

Declension

Fourth-declension noun with a second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er).

	singular	plural
nominative	spīritus asper	spīritūs asperī
genitive	spīritūs asperī	spīrituum asperōrum
dative	spīrituī asperō	spīritibus asperīs
accusative	spīritum asperum	spīritūs asperōs
ablative	spīritū asperō	spīritibus asperīs
vocative	spīritus asper	spīritūs asperī

Descendants

• English: → rough breathing (calque), → spiritus asper
• Finnish: → vahva henkäys (calque), → spiritus asper
• → French: esprit rude (calque)
• → German: Spiritus asper
• → Italian: spirito aspro (calque)
• → Polish: przydech mocny (calque)
• → Portuguese: espírito áspero (calque)
• → Sicilian: spìritu àguru (calque)
• → Spanish: espíritu áspero (calque)