sulcar

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /suwˈka(ʁ)/ [suʊ̯ˈka(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /suwˈka(ʁ)/ [suʊ̯ˈka(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /suwˈka(ɾ)/ [suʊ̯ˈka(ɾ)]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /suwˈka(ʁ)/ [suʊ̯ˈka(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /suwˈka(ɻ)/ [suʊ̯ˈka(ɻ)]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /sulˈkaɾ/ [suɫˈkaɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /sulˈkaɾ/ [suɫˈkaɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /sulˈka.ɾi/ [suɫˈka.ɾi]

Verb

sulcar (first-person singular present sulco, first-person singular preterite sulquei, past participle sulcado)

1. (transitive) to furrow (cut a groove into)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of sulcar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	sulcar
Personal	sulcar	sulcares	sulcar	sulcarmos	sulcardes	sulcarem
Gerund
	sulcando
Past participle
Masculine	sulcado			sulcados
Feminine	sulcada			sulcadas
Indicative
Present	sulco	sulcas	sulca	sulcamos	sulcais	sulcam
Imperfect	sulcava	sulcavas	sulcava	sulcávamos	sulcáveis	sulcavam
Preterite	sulquei	sulcaste	sulcou	sulcamos1, sulcámos2	sulcastes	sulcaram
Pluperfect	sulcara	sulcaras	sulcara	sulcáramos	sulcáreis	sulcaram
Future	sulcarei	sulcarás	sulcará	sulcaremos	sulcareis	sulcarão
Conditional	sulcaria	sulcarias	sulcaria	sulcaríamos	sulcaríeis	sulcariam
Subjunctive
Present	sulque	sulques	sulque	sulquemos	sulqueis	sulquem
Imperfect	sulcasse	sulcasses	sulcasse	sulcássemos	sulcásseis	sulcassem
Future	sulcar	sulcares	sulcar	sulcarmos	sulcardes	sulcarem
Imperative
Affirmative		sulca	sulque	sulquemos	sulcai	sulquem
Negative (não)		não sulques	não sulque	não sulquemos	não sulqueis	não sulquem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sulˈkaɾ/ [sulˈkaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: sul‧car

Verb

sulcar (first-person singular present sulco, first-person singular preterite sulqué, past participle sulcado)

1. Obsolete spelling of surcar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of sulcar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			sulcar
gerund			sulcando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		sulcado		sulcada
		plural		sulcados		sulcadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	sulco	sulcastú sulcásvos	sulca	sulcamos	sulcáis	sulcan
	imperfect	sulcaba	sulcabas	sulcaba	sulcábamos	sulcabais	sulcaban
	preterite	sulqué	sulcaste	sulcó	sulcamos	sulcasteis	sulcaron
	future	sulcaré	sulcarás	sulcará	sulcaremos	sulcaréis	sulcarán
	conditional	sulcaría	sulcarías	sulcaría	sulcaríamos	sulcaríais	sulcarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	sulque	sulquestú sulquésvos2	sulque	sulquemos	sulquéis	sulquen
	imperfect (ra)	sulcara	sulcaras	sulcara	sulcáramos	sulcarais	sulcaran
	imperfect (se)	sulcase	sulcases	sulcase	sulcásemos	sulcaseis	sulcasen
	future1	sulcare	sulcares	sulcare	sulcáremos	sulcareis	sulcaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		sulcatú sulcávos	sulque	sulquemos	sulcad	sulquen
	negative		no sulques	no sulque	no sulquemos	no sulquéis	no sulquen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of sulcar (c-qu alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive sulcar
	dative	sulcarme	sulcarte	sulcarle, sulcarse	sulcarnos	sulcaros	sulcarles, sulcarse
	accusative	sulcarme	sulcarte	sulcarlo, sulcarla, sulcarse	sulcarnos	sulcaros	sulcarlos, sulcarlas, sulcarse
with gerund sulcando
	dative	sulcándome	sulcándote	sulcándole, sulcándose	sulcándonos	sulcándoos	sulcándoles, sulcándose
	accusative	sulcándome	sulcándote	sulcándolo, sulcándola, sulcándose	sulcándonos	sulcándoos	sulcándolos, sulcándolas, sulcándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative sulca
	dative	súlcame	súlcate	súlcale	súlcanos	not used	súlcales
	accusative	súlcame	súlcate	súlcalo, súlcala	súlcanos	not used	súlcalos, súlcalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative sulcá
	dative	sulcame	sulcate	sulcale	sulcanos	not used	sulcales
	accusative	sulcame	sulcate	sulcalo, sulcala	sulcanos	not used	sulcalos, sulcalas
with formal second-person singular imperative sulque
	dative	súlqueme	not used	súlquele, súlquese	súlquenos	not used	súlqueles
	accusative	súlqueme	not used	súlquelo, súlquela, súlquese	súlquenos	not used	súlquelos, súlquelas
with first-person plural imperative sulquemos
	dative	not used	sulquémoste	sulquémosle	sulquémonos	sulquémoos	sulquémosles
	accusative	not used	sulquémoste	sulquémoslo, sulquémosla	sulquémonos	sulquémoos	sulquémoslos, sulquémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative sulcad
	dative	sulcadme	not used	sulcadle	sulcadnos	sulcaos	sulcadles
	accusative	sulcadme	not used	sulcadlo, sulcadla	sulcadnos	sulcaos	sulcadlos, sulcadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative sulquen
	dative	súlquenme	not used	súlquenle	súlquennos	not used	súlquenles, súlquense
	accusative	súlquenme	not used	súlquenlo, súlquenla	súlquennos	not used	súlquenlos, súlquenlas, súlquense

Further reading

• “sulcar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014