tegula

English

tegula (1)

tegulae (2)

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin tegula (“a tile”), from tegō (“to cover”). Doublet of tile.

Noun

tegula (plural tegulae)

1. (entomology) A small sclerite situated above the base of the costal vein in the wings of various insects, and attached to the anterolateral portion of the mesonotum.
2. (archaeology) A flat Roman roof tile with raised edges, joined together by an imbrex.
3. (malacology) Any sea snail in the genus Tegula.

Derived terms

• subtegula
• tegular
• tegulated

Translations

sclerite in the wings of various insects

• Portuguese: tégula f

Roman roof tile

• Arabic: قِرْمِيد m (qirmīd)

any sea snail in the genus Tegula

Further reading

• Tegula (insect anatomy) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Imbrex and tegula on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• Tugela, guelta

Interlingua

Noun

tegula (plural tegulas)

1. tile

Related terms

• tegular

Latin

Two sets of roof tiles overlapped, consisting each of two joined tēgulae and one imbrex, overlapping them to cover the gap.

Etymology

From Proto-Italic [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg- (“to cover”). By surface analysis, tegō (“to cover”) +‎ -ula. For the meaning development compare German Kachel. Though the sense “frying-pan” has been said to be derived from Ancient Greek τάγηνον (tágēnon), τήγανον (tḗganon), this is formally difficult; the distinction between it and “rooftile” may thus be seen as unfounded.

The long vowel is difficult to explain, but according to some authors it is an artifact of early simplification of the cluster *gdʰ in *teg-dʰlom (see -bulum for the suffix); compare rēgula. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?) Contrast the later formation tegulum, with a short vowel.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈteː.ɡʊ.ɫa]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈtɛː.ɡu.la]

Noun

tēgula f (genitive tēgulae); first declension

1. (architecture, roofing, chiefly in the plural) a large, flat and heavy roof tile used in an overlapping formation with the curved and smaller imbrex

   Coordinate term: imbrex

   • c. 206 BCE, Plautus, Miles Gloriosus 2.6.21–24:

     At ita me di deaeque omnis ament,
     nisi mihi supplicium virgeum de te datur
     longum diutinumque, a mane ad vesperum,
     quod meas confregisti imbricis et tegulas, […]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • c. 200 BCE, Plautus, Mostellaria 1.2.25–26:

     atque illud saepe fit: tempestas venit,
     confringit tegulas imbricesque:

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 68 BCE – 44 BCE, Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum 9.7.5:

     De isto licet bene speres. Promitto tibi, si valebit, tegulam illum in Italia nullam relicturum.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 77 CE – 79 CE, Plinius Maior, Naturalis Historia 35.152:

     Butadis inventum est rubricam addere aut ex rubra creta fingere, primusque personas tegularum extremis imbricibus inposuit, quae inter initia prostypa vocavit; […] .

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (transferred sense) a tile used to bake food upon it (baking tile, frying pan)
   • 230 CE, De re culinaria 8:

     Glires: isicio porcino, item pulpis ex omni membro glirium trito, cum pipere, nucleis, lasere, liquamine farcies glires, et sutos in tegula positos mittes in furnum aut farsos in clibano coques.

     Dormice: Fill the dormice with minced meat of pork and all parts of the dormice, ground pepper, pinenuts, laser, fish-sauce, and put them sewn together and laid upon a tile-pan into the oven, or cook them stuffed in the clibanus.

Declension

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	tēgula	tēgulae
genitive	tēgulae	tēgulārum
dative	tēgulae	tēgulīs
accusative	tēgulam	tēgulās
ablative	tēgulā	tēgulīs
vocative	tēgula	tēgulae

Derived terms

• asinus in tēgulīs

Descendants

Inherited

• North-Italian:
  • Piedmontese: tiola, tìvola
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: teula
  • Franco-Provençal: tiola
  • Old French: tiule (see there for further descendants)
  • Occitan: teule
• Sicilian: tìgula, Tìguli, Tìvuli
• Vulgar Latin: tegla
  • Dalmatian: tacla
  • Italo-Romance:
    • Italian: tegghia
      • ⇒ Italian: teglia (through de-vulgarization)
    • Sicilian: tegghia
  • North-Italian:
    • Friulian: tecje, tečhe (alternative orthography)
    • Piedmontese: teja
    • Venetan: técia
  • Gallo-Romance:
    • Champenois: teille
  • Ibero-Romance:
    • Asturian: teya
    • Old Galician-Portuguese: telha
      • Galician: tella
      • Portuguese: telha
    • Spanish: teja
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *tegella
  • Asturian: tixella
  • Italian: tiella
  • Galician: tixela
  • Portuguese: tigela
  • Sicilian: tijeḍḍa

Borrowings

• →? Italian: tegola (semi-learned)
• → Albanian: tjegull
• → Andalusian Arabic: تاقرة (tāqra, “milking-pail”)
  • → Old Galician-Portuguese: tagra (“a liquid measure”)
  • → Old Spanish: tagara (“bowl”)
  • → Old Leonese: tagara, tagarra (“bowl”)
  • → Galician: tarro (“jar”)
  • → Portuguese: tarro (“pot; milking-pail”)
  • → Spanish: tarro (“jar; pot”)
    • → Moroccan Arabic: طارو (ṭārru, “garbage-can”)
• → Moroccan Arabic: تاكرة (tāgra, “tajine”)
• → Proto-Germanic: *tigulǭ (see there for further descendants)
• → Hungarian: tégla
• → Greek: τούγλα (toúgla)
  • → Ottoman Turkish: طوغله (tuğla), توغله (tuğla)
    • Turkish: tuğla
    • → Albanian: tullë
    • → Armenian: թուղլա (tʻuġla)
    • → Laz: თუღლა (tuğla), თუღულა (tuğula) — Arkabi
• → Macedonian: тегла (tegla)
• → Portuguese: tégula
• → Serbo-Croatian: тегла (tegla)
• → Slovak: tehla

Learned borrowings

• → English: tegula (learned)
• → French: tegula (learned)

Further reading

• “tēgulae”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “tegula”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “tegula”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• "tegula", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “tegula”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “tegula”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
• Schuchardt, Hugo (1918), Die romanischen Lehnwörter im Berberischen (Sitzungsberichte der Wiener Akademie der Wissenschaften; 188, IV^th treatise)‎^[1] (in German), Wien: In Kommission bei Alfred Hölder, page 57