turbulent

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French turbulent, from Latin turbulentus, from turba (“disorder, tumult, crowd”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɜːbjələnt/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

Adjective

turbulent (comparative more turbulent, superlative most turbulent)

1. violently disturbed or agitated; tempestuous, tumultuous

   It is dangerous to sail in turbulent seas.

2. being in, or causing, disturbance or unrest
   • 2013 August 10, Lexington, “Keeping the mighty honest”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:

     The [Washington] Post's proprietor through those turbulent [Watergate] days, Katharine Graham, held a double place in Washington’s hierarchy: at once regal Georgetown hostess and scrappy newshound, ready to hold the establishment to account. That is a very American position.

   The mid-19th century was a turbulent time in American history.

Derived terms

• gravitoturbulent
• gravoturbulent
• macroturbulent
• microturbulent
• nonturbulent
• turbulent flow
• turbulently

 

Related terms

• disturb
• perturb
• trouble
• turbid
• turbine
• turbulence

 

Translations

violently disturbed or agitated

• Danish: turbulent (da)
• Finnish: turbulenttinen
• French: mouvementé (fr) m
• Galician: turbulento
• Maori: tuarangaranga (of the sea)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: turbulent

  Nynorsk: turbulent

• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Persian: متلاطم (fa) (motalâtem)
• Romanian: turbulent (ro) m or n
• Russian: бу́рный (ru) (búrnyj)
• Spanish: tempestuoso (es) m, agitado (es) m, accidentado (es) m, turbulento (es) m

being in disturbance or unrest

• Finnish: myrskyisä (fi)
• Galician: turbulento
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: turbulent

  Nynorsk: turbulent

• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Spanish: tempestuoso (es) m, agitado (es) m, accidentado (es) m, turbulento (es) m

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Dutch: ^{(please verify)} woelig (nl), ^{(please verify)} wild (nl)
• German: ^{(please verify)} turbulent (de)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Italian: ^{(please verify)} turbolento (it)
• Serbo-Croatian: ^{(please verify)} turbùlentan (sh), ^{(please verify)} nȅmīran (sh)

Further reading

• “turbulent”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• “turbulent”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
• “turbulent”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

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French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin turbulentus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tyʁ.by.lɑ̃/

• Audio

  (file)

Adjective

turbulent (feminine turbulente, masculine plural turbulents, feminine plural turbulentes)

1. turbulent
2. unruly

Further reading

• “turbulent”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

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German

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin turbulentus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʊʁbuˈlɛnt/

• Audio

  (file)

Adjective

turbulent (comparative turbulenter, superlative am turbulentesten)

1. turbulent

Further reading

• “turbulent” in Duden online

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Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin turbulentus

Adjective

turbulent (neuter singular turbulent, definite singular and plural turbulente)

1. turbulent

References

• “turbulent” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin turbulentus

Adjective

turbulent (neuter singular turbulent, definite singular and plural turbulente)

1. turbulent

References

• “turbulent” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

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Piedmontese

Alternative forms

• türbülent

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tyrbyˈlɛŋt/

Adjective

turbulent

1. turbulent