ubah

Iban

Etymology

From Malay ubah.

Verb

ubah

1. (intransitive) to change (to become something different)
2. (transitive) to change (to make something into something different)

Indonesian

Alternative forms

• rubah (nonstandard)

Etymology

From Malay ubah.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈubah/ [ˈu.bah]
• Rhymes: -ubah
• Syllabification: u‧bah

Verb

ubah (basic-imperative ubah, active transitive mengubah, ordinary passive diubah, adversative passive terubah)

1. (transitive) to change (to make something into something different)
2. (intransitive, uncommon) to change (to become something different)

   Synonym: berubah

3. (transitive) to alter (to change the form or structure of)

Conjugation

Conjugation of ubah (meng-, ber-, absolute transitive, irregular alternative forms)

root	ubah
	active	passive		basic imperative	emphatic jussive
		reflective1	ordinary
	ordinary
nominative	mengubah, merubah, berubah	terubah	diubah, dirubah	ubah, rubah	ubahlah, rubahlah
accusative / dative / locative	–	–	–	–	–
perfective causative / applicative2	–	–	–	–	–
	causative
nominative	memperubah	–	diperubah	perubah	–
accusative / dative / locative	–	–	–	–	–
perfective causative / applicative2	–	–	–	–	–

¹ There is another form of reflective passive verb with affixation of ke- -an which is not included in the table. This form is only attested in active voice without causative affixation of per-.
² The -kan row is either causative or applicative. With transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning.
Some alternative forms are from rubah, a rebracketing of berubah (not related to rubah (“fox”)).
Some of these forms do not normally exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning.

Synonyms

• (transitive):, mengonversi, mengubah
• (intransitive): ganti, tukar

Derived terms

• berubah
• berubah-ubah
• keterubahan
• memperubahkan
• mengubah
• mengubahkan
• pengubah
• pengubahan
• perubah
• perubahan
• peubah
• terubah
• terubahkan
• ubahan

Further reading

• “ubah”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Malay

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ubah/
• Rhymes: -ubah, -bah, -ah

Verb

ubah (Jawi spelling اوبه)

1. (intransitive) to change (to become something different)
2. (transitive) to change (to make something into something different)

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• pengubah [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
• pengubahan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
• ubahan [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
• berubah-ubah [reduplication + stative / habitual] (redup + beR-)
• perubahan [causative passive + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peR- + -an)
• mengubah [agent focus] (meN-)
• mengubahkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
• diubah [patient focus] (di-)
• terubah [agentless action] (teR-)
• berubah [stative / habitual] (beR-)
• memperubahkan [causative agent focus + causative benefactive] (mempeR- + -kan)

Descendants

• Indonesian: ubah
• → Iban: ubah

Further reading

• "ubah" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017
  (also see "ubah" at PRPM first version)