wnm

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈwaːnam/ → /ˈwaːnam/ → /ˈwaːnəm/ → /ˈwoːnəm/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈwaːnam/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈwaːnam/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈwaːnəm/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈwoːnəm/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /wɛnɛm/
  • Conventional anglicization: wenem

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to eat (something as food)
2. (intransitive) to eat in general (+ m: to eat of, to feed on)
   • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.7–1.8:

     jr ḥms.k ḥnꜥ ꜣfꜥ wnm.k ꜣḫf.f swꜣ(.w)

     If you sit with a glutton, you should eat when his burning appetite has passed.

3. (intransitive) to take solid medicine
4. (intransitive) to have or consume usufruct of a property [since the Old Kingdom]
5. (transitive) to take in, to consume (something abstract: magic, power, hunger, etc.)
6. (intransitive with m or transitive, of fire) to consume (something), to burn (something) up
7. (intransitive, of sickness) to eat away at parts of the body

Inflection

Conjugation of wnm (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: wnm, geminated stem: wnmm

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
wnm	wnmw, wnm	wnmt	wnm	wnm

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
wnm	ḥr wnm	m wnm	r wnm

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	wnm.n	wnmw, wnm	consecutive	wnm.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	wnmt
perfective3	wnm	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	wnm.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	wnm	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	wnm	wnmm	potentialis1	wnm.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	wnm	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	wnm.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	wnm	active + .tj1, .tw2	wnm	wnm, wnmw5, wnmy5
imperfective	wnm, wnmy, wnmw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	wnm, wnmj6, wnmy6	wnm, wnmw5
prospective	wnm, wnmtj7	—	wnmtj4, wnmt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wnm  

wnm	wnm	wnm	wnm	wnm	wnm	wnm	wnm	wnmw
[Old Kingdom]	[Old Kingdom]	[Old Kingdom]	[Old Kingdom]	[Middle Kingdom]	[Middle Kingdom]	[Middle Kingdom]	[18th Dynasty]	[19th and 20th Dynasty]
					rare	rare		in hieratic

Derived terms

• wnmw
• wnmt
• snm

 

Descendants

• Demotic: wnm
  • Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱⲙ (ouōm)

Noun

 m

1. eating, consumption of food
2. food
3. appetite
4. taking or ingestion of medicine

See also

• 𓀁

References

• “wnm (lemma ID 46710)” and “wnm (lemma ID 46720)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 320.1–321.14
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 62
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 175, 184.