βασιλεύς
Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- βᾰσῐλῆος (basilêos) — Homeric, genitive
- βᾰσῐλῆϝος (basilêwos) — Arcadocypriot, genitive
- 𐠞𐠪𐠐𐠵𐠩 (pa-si-le-wo-se) — Cypriot, Cypriot syllabary
- βᾰσῐλῆϝς (basilêws) — Arcadocypriot
- βαἱ̈λεύς (bahïleús) — Laconian
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Hellenic *gʷatiléus, with σ (s) developing by assibilation. Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀣𐀯𐀩𐀄 (qa-si-re-u), that is, *gʷasileus. Further etymology uncertain. Multiple Indo-European etymologies have been advanced, while Beekes considers it Pre-Greek in origin.[1] Possibly from an Anatolian language (see Lydian 𐤡𐤠𐤯𐤯𐤬𐤳 (pattoš, “king”)), although the Mycenaean (Linear B) evidence points to an original form with initial gʷ.
Case-forms show Attic shortening of the original stem βασιληϝ- (basilēw-); see quantitative metathesis.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ba.si.lěu̯s/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ba.siˈlews/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /βa.siˈleɸs/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /va.siˈlefs/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /va.siˈlefs/
- Hyphenation: βα‧σι‧λεύς
Noun
[edit]βᾰσῐλεύς • (basileús) m (genitive βᾰσῐλέως); third declension
Usage notes
[edit]Greek leaders ruling in distant lands, such as those of Ptolemaic Egypt, often use the word βασιλεύς to convey authority, an example of this is exemplified in the use of the phrase ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ (Ptolemaiou Basileos) on Ptolemaic coinage minted for use in Egypt. During specific periods of Greek history, βασιλεύς (basileús) was used to describe certain foreign leaders of comparable authority, such as the Persian kings and Roman Caesars. In this usage, it often took on certain modifications, such as a lack of definite article or the use of the adjective μέγας (mégas).
Declension
[edit]Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ βᾰσῐλεύς ho basileús |
τὼ βᾰσῐλῆ tṑ basilê |
οἱ βᾰσῐλῆς / βᾰσῐλεῖς hoi basilês / basileîs | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ βᾰσῐλέως toû basiléōs |
τοῖν βᾰσῐλέοιν toîn basiléoin |
τῶν βᾰσῐλέων tôn basiléōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ βᾰσῐλεῖ tôi basileî |
τοῖν βᾰσῐλέοιν toîn basiléoin |
τοῖς βᾰσῐλεῦσῐ / βᾰσῐλεῦσῐν toîs basileûsi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν βᾰσῐλέᾱ tòn basiléā |
τὼ βᾰσῐλῆ tṑ basilê |
τοὺς βᾰσῐλέᾱς toùs basiléās | ||||||||||
Vocative | βᾰσῐλεῦ basileû |
βᾰσῐλῆ basilê |
βᾰσῐλῆς / βᾰσῐλεῖς basilês / basileîs | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | βᾰσῐλεύς basileús |
βᾰσῐλῆε basilêe |
βᾰσῐλῆες basilêes | ||||||||||
Genitive | βᾰσῐλῆος / βᾰσῐλέος basilêos / basiléos |
βᾰσῐλήοιῐν basilḗoiin |
βᾰσῐλήων basilḗōn | ||||||||||
Dative | βᾰσῐλῆῐ̈ / βᾰσῐλέῐ̈ basilêï / basiléï |
βᾰσῐλήοιῐν basilḗoiin |
βᾰσῐλήεσσῐ / βᾰσῐλήεσσῐν / βᾰσῐλεῦσῐ / βᾰσῐλεῦσῐν basilḗessi(n) / basileûsi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | βᾰσῐλῆᾰ / βᾰσῐλέᾰ basilêa / basiléa |
βᾰσῐλῆε basilêe |
βᾰσῐλῆᾰς basilêas | ||||||||||
Vocative | βᾰσῐλεῦ basileû |
βᾰσῐλῆε basilêe |
βᾰσῐλῆες basilêes | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- ᾰ̓ποβᾰσῐλεύς (apobasileús)
- βᾰσῐ́λεια (basíleia)
- βᾰσῐλεία (basileía)
- βᾰσῐλειάω (basileiáō)
- βᾰσῐλείδης (basileídēs)
- βᾰσῐλείδιον (basileídion)
- βᾰσῐ́λειον (basíleion)
- βᾰσῐ́λειος (basíleios)
- βᾰσῐλευτός (basileutós)
- βᾰσῐλεύτωρ (basileútōr)
- βᾰσῐλεύω (basileúō)
- βᾰσῐ́λη (basílē)
- βᾰσῐληΐη (basilēḯē)
- βᾰσῐλήιος (basilḗios)
- βᾰσῐληίς (basilēís)
- βᾰσῐληΐς (basilēḯs)
- βᾰσῐλῐ́ζω (basilízō)
- βᾰσῐλικός (basilikós)
- βᾰσῐλιναῦ (basilinaû)
- βᾰσῐλίνδα (basilínda)
- βᾰσῐ́λιννα (basílinna)
- βᾰσῐλίς (basilís)
- βᾰσῐλῐ́σκος (basilískos)
- βᾰσῐ́λισσα (basílissa)
- βᾰσῐλισταί (basilistaí)
- πᾰμβᾰσῐλεύς (pambasileús)
Descendants
[edit]- → Arabic: باسل
- → Coptic: ⲃⲁⲥⲓⲗⲉⲩⲥ (basileus)
- → English: basileus, basilean, basileolatry, basilolatry
- Greek: βασιλεύς (vasiléfs), βασιλέας (vasiléas), βασιλιάς (vasiliás)
- Mariupol Greek: васлэ́яс (vasléjas)
- → Medieval Latin: basileus
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “βασιλεύς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 203
Further reading
[edit]- “βασιλεύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “βασιλεύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “βασιλεύς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- βασιλεύς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- βασιλεύς in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- βασιλεύς in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- “βασιλεύς”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G935 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 319-320
Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Ancient Greek βασιλεύς.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]βασιλεύς • (vasiléfs) m (plural βασιλείς)
- Katharevousa form of βασιλιάς (vasiliás, “king”)
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies
- Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Anatolian languages
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Lydian
- Ancient Greek 3-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek oxytone terms
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns
- Ancient Greek third-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the third declension
- grc:Monarchy
- grc:Heads of state
- Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek terms with audio links
- Greek lemmas
- Greek nouns
- Greek masculine nouns
- Katharevousa