ḫpr

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See also: HPR and hPR

Egyptian

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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xpr
r

 3-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to come into being, to start to exist [since the Pyramid Texts]
    • c. 1401 BCE, Amduat of Amenhotep II (tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, closing text, lines 1–2:
      z
      t
      Q7N33A
      n
      A1irwN33A
      Ba17s N33A Ba17as
      n&A1
      z
      T30
      mD54
      N33A
      wA1xpr
      r
      w
      N33A
      mHaF51 Z1
      N33A
      A1
      st n.j jrw.n.j sšm wj ḫprw m ḥꜥw.j
      Illuminate for me, those whom I made! Lead me, those who came into being through my flesh!
  2. (intransitive) to come to exist or take place (in the currently relevant context); to occur, to happen, to appear, to arise (+ m-ꜥ: to happen to) [since the Pyramid Texts]
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 21–23:
      sD&d A1r
      f
      n
      k
      miit t
      Y2
      ir
      y
      xpr
      r
      m&a A1D&z A1
      sḏd.j r.f n.k mjtt jrj ḫpr(.w) m-ꜥ.j ḏs.j
      Even so, let me recount to you something similar to this that happened to me myself.
    • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) line 2.2:
      D35r
      x
      Y1n
      t
      wxprr
      t
      Z2
      ir
      r
      t
      nTrZ1x t
      f
      U35A24f
      nj rḫ.n.tw ḫprt jrrt nṯr ḫft ḫsf.f
      One cannot know what might come to be or what the god might do when he punishes.
    • c. 1600 BCE, Westcar Papyrus, column 4, line 18:[2]
      D37
      A1
      sDmmHmZ1G7kbiW10
      F18
      i i t
      Z5
      Y1
      Z2
      xprr
      t
      ḏj.j sḏm ḥm.k bjꜣyt ḫprt […]
      I will let Your Majesty hear a wonder that happened […]
  3. (intransitive) to evolve, to develop, to transform (+ m: to turn into, to become) [since the Pyramid Texts]
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 67–73:
      iwwp
      p
      Z10
      n
      fr Z1
      f
      rA1iWA1Hr Z1 X
      t Z1
      A1mbbAAHD53Y2
      f
      D&d fn&A1 nm&a inin
      t
      wzp y
      n
      D&z nDsA1nm&a inin
      t
      w
      irwd
      f
      G38D54
      k
      mD&d n&A1 inin
      t
      wriw
      N23 Z1
      p
      n
      r
      a
      A1r
      x
      Y2
      k
      twiwkmz
      z
      Q7xpr
      r&t
      mn
      t y
      D35U2
      ir
      At
      f
      jw wp.n.f r(ꜣ).f r.j jw.j ḥr ẖt.j m bꜣḥ.f ḏd.f n.j (j)n-mj jn tw zpwj snwj nḏs (j)n-mj jn tw jr wdf.k m ḏd n.j jn tw r jw pn rdj.j rḫ.k tw jw.k m ss⟨f⟩ ḫpr.t(j) m ntj nj mꜣ.t(w).f
      He opened his mouth at me while I was on my belly before him, saying to me:
      ―Who brought you, who brought you, little man? Who brought you? If you delay in telling me who brought you to this island, I will make you know yourself as ashes, transformed into that which cannot be seen.
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 149–150:
      aHaa
      n
      sbt
      bH
      A2n
      f
      imA1mM22M22D&d n&A1 mn
      f
      nDsmibZ1f
      D&d f
      n
      A1D35wrrn
      k
      a
      n
      tywW23
      Z2ss
      xprr
      t
      nbnTrsnn
      t
      rtrN33C
      Z2ss
      ꜥḥꜥ.n sbt.n.f jm.j m nn ḏd.n.j m nf m jb.f ḏd.f n.j (j)n wr n.k ꜥntjw ḫpr.t(j) ⟨m⟩ nb sntr
      Then he laughed at me – and at this that I’d said – as being wrong to his mind, saying to me: Are you abundant in myrrh, turned into a lord of incense?[3]
  4. (intransitive, of time) to come, to arrive

Inflection

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Alternative forms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲱⲡⲓ (šōpi)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲱⲡⲉ (šōpe)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ϣⲱⲡⲓ (šōpi)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ϣⲱⲡⲉ (šōpe)
  • Proto-Lycopolitan Coptic: ⳃⲱⲡⲉ (çōpe)
  • Coptic Dialect P: ⳋⲱⲡⲉ (çōpe)
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⳉⲱⲡⲉ (xōpe)

Proper noun

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xpr

 m

  1. A serekh name notably borne by Djedefre, a pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty

References

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  • Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN
  • von Beckerath, Jürgen (1995) “Ḫpr/ḫpr(w)/ḫpr(w)w in den Königsnamen des Neuen Reiches nach griechischer Überlieferung” in Divitiae aegypti: Koptologische und verwandte Studien zu Ehren von Martin Krause, edited by Cäcilia Fluck, Lucia Langener, Siegfried Richter, Sofia Schaten, and Gregor Wurst. Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag. 15–18.
  • Atiya, Aziz Suryal, editor (1991), “Protodialect”, in The Coptic Encyclopedia[1], New York: Macmillan, →ISBN
  • Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 84
  • Leprohon, Ronald (2013) Denise Doxey, editor, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, →ISBN, page 35
  • von Beckerath, Jürgen (1984) Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen, München: Deutscher Kunstverlag, →ISBN, pages 52, 179
  1. ^ Loprieno, Antonio (2001) “From Ancient Egyptian to Coptic” in Haspelmath, Martin et al. (eds.), Language Typology and Language Universals.
  2. ^ Nederhof, Mark-Jan, Papyrus Westcar, page 14
  3. ^ Or ‘You aren’t abundant in myrrh …’, if the initial particle is read as negative nj instead of interrogative jn. The expected negative particle for such a clause would be nn, so an interrogative is more plausible. For a detailed discussion see Scalf, Foy (2009) “Is That a Rhetorical Question? Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage 1115) 150 Reconsidered” in Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde, volume 136, issue 2, pages 155–159.