ꜣd

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Egyptian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Verb

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Ad
I3

 2-lit.

  1. (intransitive, chiefly of crocodiles) to be(come) aggressive or savage [since the Pyramid Texts]
  2. (intransitive) to be(come) raging, angry (+ r: with, toward, + ḥr: about, over)
  3. (intransitive) to be(come) aggressively eager or rapacious, to raven (+ r: to be rapacious for, to raven after) [Middle Kingdom literature]
    • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.9–1.10:
      mAtwI3riH_SPACE
      W
      fF51
      Z2
      rgsZ1sk
      n
      I3A1O43p
      a
      a
      f
      n
      k
      (j)m ꜣtw r jwf r gs skn šzp dj.f n.k
      Don’t raven after meat next to a voracious man; partake when he gives to you.
  4. (transitive, of fire) to rage at, attack, or harm (someone) [Coffin Texts]
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Coffin Texts, version S1P (outer coffin of Nakhti, Louvre E 11981) spell 148, lines 121–122:[1]
      nw
      k
      A1G5A40mssnF51
      t
      B1iriimD38
      k
      t
      D40
      N33A
      f
      mXn
      nw pr
      swHt
      H8

      D35AdwI3iA1h
      h
      Q7n
      r Z1
      T
      n
      D35
      p
      HpHD54
      n
      wiA1D&d tT
      n
      riA1
      jnk ḥr ms.n ꜣst jry mkt.f m ẖnw swḥt nj ꜣd wj hh n(j) r(ꜣ).ṯn nj pḥ.n wj ḏdt.ṯn r.j
      I am Horus, born of Isis, whose protection was made within the egg: the fiery breath of your mouths will not rage against me, and what you may say against me cannot reach me.
Inflection
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Alternative forms
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Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲟⲧ (oot)

Noun

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Ad
I3

 m

  1. aggression, rage, fury
    U35A24Ad
    I3
    ḫsf ꜣdto put an end to or fend off (someone’s) fury
Inflection
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Alternative forms
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Etymology 2

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Faulkner suggests this word may be a corrupt writing of ꜣhd (to be(come) weak; to quiver); Erman and Grapow instead suggest a connection with jꜣd (to suffer).

Verb

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Ad
D54

 2-lit.

  1. (intransitive, rare, of body parts including the heart) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include: [Middle Kingdom literature]
    1. to be(come) feeble, listless, or failing
    2. to quiver or palpitate
Inflection
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Etymology 3

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Verb

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Ad
Aa2

 2-lit.

  1. (intransitive, hapax) to decay [Coffin Texts]
    • c. 1900 BCE – 1839 BCE, Coffin Texts, version B1C (coffin of Sepi III, Cairo CG 28083) spell 755:[2]
      wr
      r
      DY2
      a
      t F51B
      Z2
      mF51B
      r
      A40D35wr
      r
      DY2
      zp y

      D35HwAAAa2sn
      Z2
      Ad
      Aa2
      sn
      Z2
      D35HASHHASHHASHHASHirmwDwwAa2Z3A
      wrḏ ꜥwt m ws(j)r nj wrḏ zpwj snwj nj ḥwꜣ.sn ꜣd.sn nj [bn.sn nj][3] jr mw ḏw
      The limbs in Osiris are weary, but won’t be weary, won’t be weary, they won’t putrefy or decay, [they] won’t [swell up, won’t] make foul fluid (literally, “evil water”).
Usage notes
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Possibly identical to the preceding verb (‘to be(come) feeble?’ or ‘to quiver’). Faulkner identifies it this way in his publication of the Coffin Texts,[3] though he lists the two separately in his earlier dictionary.

Etymology 4

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Verb

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Ad
I3

 2-lit.

  1. (transitive, rare) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include: [Medical papyri]
    1. to smear (a pot) (+ m: with (clay))
    2. to smooth (a pot, etc.) (+ m: with (clay))
Usage notes
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If the verb ꜣdt is in fact a variant writing of this word, as has been suggested, then the proper meaning is likely ‘to smooth’ or something similar.

Alternative forms
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See the forms given at ꜣdt as possible variants, if that verb is indeed to be taken as identical to this one.

References

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  1. ^ de Buck, Adriaan (1954) The Egyptian Coffin Texts, volume II, page 225 b–e
  2. ^ de Buck, Adriaan (1956) The Egyptian Coffin Texts, volume VI, page 384 i–l
  3. 3.0 3.1 Faulkner, Raymond (1977) The Ancient Egyptian Coffin Texts, volume 2, pages 288–289