말다

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Korean

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Etymology 1

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This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “The not sense may be related to Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/ma (cf. User_talk:Wyang/Archive2#Question_re:_copula_in_Korean).”

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 말〯다〮 (Yale: mǎltá). From Old Korean 休伊 (*MAl-).

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈma̠(ː)ɭda̠]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?malda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?malda
McCune–Reischauer?malda
Yale Romanization?mālta

Verb

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Korean verb set
Base 말다 (malda)
Causative말리다 (mallida)

말다 (malda) (infinitive 말아, sequential 마니)

  1. (auxiliary, used to negate imperatives, with —지 (-ji)) to not do something, to stop doing
    잔디 앉지 마시오.Jandi-e an-ji masio.Do not sit on the lawn.
    담배 피우지 마세요.Dambae piu-ji maseyo.Please don't smoke.
  2. (auxiliary, showing an unplanned action completed undesirably, with —고 (-go)) to end up doing something
    기차 놓치고 말았어.Gicha-reul notchi-go marasseo.I ended up missing the train.
Conjugation
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This verb has irregular imperative forms:

References

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  • National Institute of the Korean Language (Naver.com mirror) (2007 June 9 (last accessed)) “말다 [malda]”, in 표준국어대사전 [pyojun'gugeodaesajeon]‎[1]

Etymology 2

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This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “The roll sense may be related to Japanese (maro, maru, round).”

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean ᄆᆞᆯ다 (Yale: molta).

Pronunciation

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Romanizations
Revised Romanization?malda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?malda
McCune–Reischauer?malda
Yale Romanization?malta

Verb

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말다 (malda) (infinitive 말아, sequential 마니)

  1. to roll up
    여자 신문지 말아 길고 가느다란 만들었다.
    Geu yeoja-neun sinmunji-reul mara gilgo ganeudaran bong-eul mandeureotda.
    She rolled the newspaper into a long, thin rod.
Conjugation
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