直筆

See also: 直笔

Chinese

		straight; vertical; frank straight; vertical; frank; directly; straightly; upright	pen; pencil; writing brush pen; pencil; writing brush; to write or compose; the strokes of Chinese characters
trad. (直筆)		直	筆
simp. (直笔)		直	笔
anagram		筆直／笔直

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhíbǐ

  (Zhuyin): ㄓˊ ㄅㄧˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zik⁶ bat¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ti̍t-pit

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhíbǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄓˊ ㄅㄧˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhíhbǐ
    • Wade–Giles: chih²-pi³
    • Yale: jŕ-bǐ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyrbii
    • Palladius: чжиби (čžibi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 執筆／执笔 直筆／直笔

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zik⁶ bat¹
    • Yale: jihk bāt
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzik⁹ bat⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: jig⁶ bed¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪk̚² pɐt̚⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ti̍t-pit
    • Tâi-lô: ti̍t-pit
    • Phofsit Daibuun: didpid
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tit̚⁴⁻³² pit̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tit̚²⁴⁻² pit̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pit̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tit̚⁴⁻³² pit̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tit̚⁴⁻³² pit̚³²/

Verb

直筆

1. (literary, of a court historian) to record something in an honest and straightforward manner, without embellishment or omission

Antonyms

• 曲筆／曲笔

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
直	筆
じき Grade: 2	ひつ Grade: 3
on’yomi

• /dikipitu/ → /dikifitu/ → /d͡ʑikihit͡su/

From Middle Chinese compound 直筆／直笔 (drik pit, literally “straight, direct + writing”). Compare modern Mandarin 直筆／直笔 (zhíbǐ, “an honest story, a straightforward account of something”).

This reading uses the goon of jiki for the first character and the kan'on of hitsu for the second character, possibly suggesting an innovation in the reading within Japanese after the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) じきひつ [jìkíhítsú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑikʲiçit͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

直(じき)筆(ひつ) • (jikihitsu) ^{←ぢきひつ (dikifitu)?}

1. the act of writing something oneself by hand
2. the resulting handwritten document or writing:
   1. one's own handwriting
   2. a holograph, an autograph (something written by oneself, not just one's signature)

Synonyms

• 自筆(じひつ) (jihitsu)
• 直書(じきしょ) (jikisho)
• 親書(しんしょ) (shinsho)

Verb

直(じき)筆(ひつ)する • (jikihitsu suru) ^{←ぢきひつ (dikifitu)?}suru (stem 直(じき)筆(ひつ)し (jikihitsu shi), past 直(じき)筆(ひつ)した (jikihitsu shita))

1. to write something oneself by hand

Conjugation

Conjugation of "直筆する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	直筆し	じきひつし	jikihitsu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	直筆し	じきひつし	jikihitsu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	直筆する	じきひつする	jikihitsu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	直筆する	じきひつする	jikihitsu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	直筆すれ	じきひつすれ	jikihitsu sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	直筆せよ¹ 直筆しろ²	じきひつせよ¹ じきひつしろ²	jikihitsu seyo¹ jikihitsu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	直筆される	じきひつされる	jikihitsu sareru
Causative	直筆させる 直筆さす	じきひつさせる じきひつさす	jikihitsu saseru jikihitsu sasu
Potential	直筆できる	じきひつできる	jikihitsu dekiru
Volitional	直筆しよう	じきひつしよう	jikihitsu shiyō
Negative	直筆しない	じきひつしない	jikihitsu shinai
Negative continuative	直筆せず	じきひつせず	jikihitsu sezu
Formal	直筆します	じきひつします	jikihitsu shimasu
Perfective	直筆した	じきひつした	jikihitsu shita
Conjunctive	直筆して	じきひつして	jikihitsu shite
Hypothetical conditional	直筆すれば	じきひつすれば	jikihitsu sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
直	筆
ちょく Grade: 2	ひつ Grade: 3
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese compound 直筆／直笔 (drik pit, literally “straight, direct + writing”). Compare modern Mandarin 直筆／直笔 (zhíbǐ, “an honest story, a straightforward account of something”).

This reading uses the kan'on for both characters, suggesting either a later borrowing of the term as a whole, or a shift in reading influenced by other later borrowings.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ちょくひつ [chòkúhítsú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞kɯ̟ᵝçit͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

直(ちょく)筆(ひつ) • (chokuhitsu) 

1. an honest and straightforward record of something, without embellishment or omission
2. holding a brush vertically when writing to use the tip of the brush
3. the act of writing something oneself by hand
4. the resulting handwritten document or writing:
   1. one's own handwriting
   2. a holograph, an autograph (something written by oneself, not just one's signature)

Usage notes

For the writing oneself senses, this reading appears to be less common than jikihitsu above.

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “honest record”): 曲筆(きょくひつ) (kyokuhitsu): an embellished story, a tall tale
• (antonym(s) of “vertical brush”): 側筆(そくひつ) (sokuhitsu): holding a brush at an angle to use the body of the brush

Verb

直(ちょく)筆(ひつ)する • (chokuhitsu suru) suru (stem 直(ちょく)筆(ひつ)し (chokuhitsu shi), past 直(ちょく)筆(ひつ)した (chokuhitsu shita))

1. to record something in an honest and straightforward manner, without embellishment or omission
2. to hold a brush vertically when writing to use the tip of the brush
3. to write something oneself by hand

Usage notes

For the write oneself sense, this reading appears to be less common than jikihitsu above.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "直筆する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	直筆し	ちょくひつし	chokuhitsu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	直筆し	ちょくひつし	chokuhitsu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	直筆する	ちょくひつする	chokuhitsu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	直筆する	ちょくひつする	chokuhitsu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	直筆すれ	ちょくひつすれ	chokuhitsu sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	直筆せよ¹ 直筆しろ²	ちょくひつせよ¹ ちょくひつしろ²	chokuhitsu seyo¹ chokuhitsu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	直筆される	ちょくひつされる	chokuhitsu sareru
Causative	直筆させる 直筆さす	ちょくひつさせる ちょくひつさす	chokuhitsu saseru chokuhitsu sasu
Potential	直筆できる	ちょくひつできる	chokuhitsu dekiru
Volitional	直筆しよう	ちょくひつしよう	chokuhitsu shiyō
Negative	直筆しない	ちょくひつしない	chokuhitsu shinai
Negative continuative	直筆せず	ちょくひつせず	chokuhitsu sezu
Formal	直筆します	ちょくひつします	chokuhitsu shimasu
Perfective	直筆した	ちょくひつした	chokuhitsu shita
Conjunctive	直筆して	ちょくひつして	chokuhitsu shite
Hypothetical conditional	直筆すれば	ちょくひつすれば	chokuhitsu sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “honest record”): 曲筆(きょくひつ) (kyokuhitsu): to write an embellished story, to write a tall tale
• (antonym(s) of “vertical brush”): 側筆(そくひつ) (sokuhitsu): to hold a brush at an angle to use the body of the brush