草菅

Chinese

		grass; straw; draft (of a document) grass; straw; draft (of a document); careless; rough; manuscript; hasty	(grass); Themeda forsbali
trad. (草菅)		草	菅
simp. #(草菅)		草	菅

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cǎojiān

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄠˇ ㄐㄧㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cou² gaan¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chháu-kan

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cǎojiān
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄠˇ ㄐㄧㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cǎojian
    • Wade–Giles: tsʻao³-chien¹
    • Yale: tsǎu-jyān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaojian
    • Palladius: цаоцзянь (caoczjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: cou² gaan¹
    • Yale: chóu gāan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsou² gaan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: cou² gan¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰou̯³⁵ kaːn⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chháu-kan
    • Tâi-lô: tsháu-kan
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhaw'kafn
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kan⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: tshawX kaen

Rime
Character	草	菅
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	刪 (69)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	采老切	古顔切
Baxter	tshawX	kaen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰɑuX/	/kˠan/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰɑuX/	/kᵚan/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɑuX/	/kɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰawX/	/kaɨn/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰɑuX/	/kan/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰɑuX/	/kan/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰɑuX/	/kan/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cǎo	jiān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cou2	gaan1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰuːʔ  kroːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	草
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cǎo
Middle Chinese	‹ tshawX ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ]ˁuʔ/
English	grass, plants
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	草	菅
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	16547	4457
Phonetic component	早	官
Rime group	幽	元
Rime subdivision	1	3
Corresponding MC rime	草	姦
Old Chinese	/*sʰuːʔ/	/*kroːn/
Notes	說文作艸

Noun

草菅

1. (literary, figurative) something small and insignificant; trifle
2. (literary, figuratively) the common people; the masses; ordinary citizens

Synonyms

• (trifle): 草芥 (cǎojiè)
• (the common people):

• 一般人 (yībānrén)
• 世人 (shìrén)
• 世間人／世间人 (Hokkien)
• 人士 (rénshì) (literary)
• 人民 (rénmín)
• 人群 (rénqún)
• 人萌 (rénméng) (literary)
• 俗人 (súrén)
• 俗子 (súzǐ) (literary)
• 𫣆人 (Hakka)
• 兆民 (zhàomín) (archaic)
• 公眾／公众 (gōngzhòng)
• 凡人 (fánrén)
• 凡夫 (fánfū) (literary)
• 匹夫 (pǐfū) (literary)
• 四眾人／四众人 (Teochew)
• 士人 (shìrén) (archaic)
• 大眾／大众 (dàzhòng)
• 子民 (zǐmín) (historical)
• 家人 (jiārén) (archaic)
• 布衣 (bùyī) (historical)
• 常人 (chángrén)
• 平人 (píngrén) (literary)
• 平常人 (píngchángrén)
• 平民 (píngmín)
• 庶人 (shùrén) (literary)
• 庶民 (shùmín) (literary)
• 斯人 (sīrén) (Classical Chinese)
• 普通人 (pǔtōngrén)
• 民人 (mínrén) (literary)
• 民眾／民众 (mínzhòng)
• 烝民 (zhēngmín) (literary)
• 白衣 (báiyī) (historical)
• 白衣人 (báiyīrén) (historical)
• 白身 (báishēn) (archaic)
• 白身人 (báishēnrén) (archaic)
• 百姓
• 眾人／众人 (zhòngrén) (literary)
• 萬姓／万姓 (wànxìng) (archaic)
• 群眾／群众 (qúnzhòng)
• 老百姓 (lǎobǎixìng)
• 良人 (liángrén) (literary)
• 草民 (cǎomín) (the worthless ordinary people)
• 草野 (cǎoyě) (literary, figurative)
• 萌 (literary)
• 野人 (yěrén) (archaic)
• 黎庶 (líshù) (literary)
• 黎民 (límín) (literary)
• 黎首 (líshǒu) (archaic)
• 黔首 (qiánshǒu) (archaic)

 

Derived terms

• 草菅人命 (cǎojiānrénmìng)