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* {{zh-l|自由市場/自由市场|zìyóu shìchǎng}} |
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===Descendants=== |
====Descendants==== |
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{{Sinoxenic-word|自由|じゆう|자유|tự do}} |
{{Sinoxenic-word|自由|じゆう|자유|tự do}} |
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Revision as of 01:29, 18 January 2015
Chinese
from; self; oneself from; self; oneself; since |
follow; from; it is for...to follow; from; it is for...to; reason; cause; because of; due to; by; to; to leave it (to sb) | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (自由) |
自 | 由 |
Pronunciation
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Noun
(deprecated template usage) 自由
Adjective
(deprecated template usage) 自由
Derived terms
Descendants
Japanese
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
自 | 由 |
じ Grade: 2 |
ゆう Grade: 3 |
on'yomi |
Etymology
Apparently first imported from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese compound (deprecated template usage) 自由 (*d͡ʑi *iou) with an original meaning of roughly arising from oneself. Repurposed in the 1860s by Fukuzawa Yukichi as a translation of the (deprecated template usage) [etyl] English (deprecated template usage) freedom or (deprecated template usage) liberty, as an extension of the original meaning: freedom to act according to one's own thoughts, without restriction.[1][2]
Pronunciation
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Adjective
自由 • (jiyū) ←じいう (ziiu)?-na (adnominal 自由な (jiyū na), adverbial 自由に (jiyū ni))
Inflection
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 自由だろ | じゆうだろ | jiyū daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 自由で | じゆうで | jiyū de |
Terminal (終止形) | 自由だ | じゆうだ | jiyū da |
Attributive (連体形) | 自由な | じゆうな | jiyū na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 自由なら | じゆうなら | jiyū nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 自由であれ | じゆうであれ | jiyū de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 自由ではない 自由じゃない |
じゆうではない じゆうじゃない |
jiyū de wa nai jiyū ja nai |
Informal past | 自由だった | じゆうだった | jiyū datta |
Informal negative past | 自由ではなかった 自由じゃなかった |
じゆうではなかった じゆうじゃなかった |
jiyū de wa nakatta jiyū ja nakatta |
Formal | 自由です | じゆうです | jiyū desu |
Formal negative | 自由ではありません 自由じゃありません |
じゆうではありません じゆうじゃありません |
jiyū de wa arimasen jiyū ja arimasen |
Formal past | 自由でした | じゆうでした | jiyū deshita |
Formal negative past | 自由ではありませんでした 自由じゃありませんでした |
じゆうではありませんでした じゆうじゃありませんでした |
jiyū de wa arimasen deshita jiyū ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 自由で | じゆうで | jiyū de |
Conditional | 自由なら(ば) | じゆうなら(ば) | jiyū nara (ba) |
Provisional | 自由だったら | じゆうだったら | jiyū dattara |
Volitional | 自由だろう | じゆうだろう | jiyū darō |
Adverbial | 自由に | じゆうに | jiyū ni |
Degree | 自由さ | じゆうさ | jiyūsa |
Noun
- freedom, liberty
- 自由のために戦う。
- Jiyū no tame ni tatakau.
- We will fight for freedom.
- 自由のために戦う。
- demand (for goods or services)
- (deprecated template usage) (euphemistic) a toilet, a restroom
Derived terms
- 自由度 (jiyūdo): flexibility, degree of freedom
References
- ^ 1866: 西洋事情 (Seiyō Jijō, “Things Western”), Fukuzawa Yukichi, digital version (in Japanese), http://project.lib.keio.ac.jp/dg_kul/fukuzawa_title.php?id=3
- ^ 2004: 「明治の日本が作り出した新しい言語」 (Meiji no Nihon ga Tsukuridashita Atarashii Gengo, “The New Language Created by Meiji Japan”), Takeshi Ozeki (in Japanese), http://hermes-ir.lib.hit-u.ac.jp/rs/bitstream/10086/8702/1/hogaku0030301790.pdf, page 11 of the PDF.
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
- Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- Kitahara, Yasuo, editor (2002), 明鏡国語辞典 [Meikyō Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, →ISBN
Korean
Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
自 | 由 |
Noun
Vietnamese
chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
自 | 由 |
Noun
- Chinese lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Chinese adjectives
- Elementary Mandarin
- Japanese terms spelled with 自 read as じ
- Japanese terms spelled with 由 read as ゆう
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from English
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese な-na adjectives
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese euphemisms
- Korean lemmas
- Korean nouns
- Korean nouns in Han script
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán