orthogonal
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English[edit]
Etymology[edit]
By surface analysis, ortho- + -gon + -al. From French orthogonal, from Medieval Latin orthogōnālis, from Latin orthogōnius (“right-angled”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
orthogonal (not comparable)
- (geometry) Of two objects, at right angles; perpendicular to each other.
- A chord and the radius that bisects it are orthogonal.
- (mathematics)
- Of a pair of vectors: having a zero inner product; perpendicular.
- The normal vector and tangent vector at a given point are orthogonal.
- Of a square matrix: such that its transpose is equal to its inverse.
- Of a linear transformation: preserving its angles.
- Of grid graphs, board games and polyominoes: vertical or horizontal but not diagonal.
- Of a pair of elements in an ortholattice: each less than or equal to the orthocomplement of the other.
- Of a pair of vectors: having a zero inner product; perpendicular.
- (statistics) Statistically independent, with reference to variates.
- (software engineering) Of two or more aspects of a problem, able to be treated separately; of a design, exhibiting consistency and composability.
- The content of the message should be orthogonal to the means of its delivery.
- 1999, Andrew Hunt, David Thomas, The Pragmatic Programmer: From Journeyman to Master, Addison-Wesley Professional, →ISBN, page 36:
- An orthogonal approach also promotes reuse. If components have specific, well-defined responsibilities, they can be combined with new components in ways that were not envisioned by their original implementors.
- Of two or more problems or subjects, independent of or irrelevant to each other.
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
of right angles
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mathematical term
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statistically independent
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software: able to be treated separately
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Noun[edit]
orthogonal (plural orthogonals)
- An orthogonal line
See also[edit]
French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Medieval Latin orthogōnālis, from Latin orthogōnius (“right-angled”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
orthogonal (feminine orthogonale, masculine plural orthogonaux, feminine plural orthogonales)
Further reading[edit]
- “orthogonal”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
German[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Medieval Latin orthogonalis, from Latin orthogonius (“right-angled”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
orthogonal (strong nominative masculine singular orthogonaler, not comparable)
- orthogonal
- Synonym: senkrecht
Declension[edit]
Positive forms of orthogonal (uncomparable)
Further reading[edit]
- “orthogonal” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “orthogonal” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
Categories:
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- English 4-syllable words
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- en:Geometry
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- en:Mathematics
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- French terms borrowed from Medieval Latin
- French terms derived from Medieval Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
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- French terms with audio links
- French lemmas
- French adjectives
- German terms derived from Medieval Latin
- German terms derived from Latin
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- Rhymes:German/aːl
- Rhymes:German/aːl/4 syllables
- German lemmas
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- German uncomparable adjectives