熯

熯 U+71AF, 熯 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-71AF ← 熮 [U+71AE] CJK Unified Ideographs 熰 → [U+71B0]

Translingual

Han character

熯 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 火廿中人 (FTLO), four-corner 9403₄, composition ⿰火𦰩)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 681, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19355
• Dae Jaweon: page 1092, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2227, character 12
• Unihan data for U+71AF

Chinese

trad.		熯
simp. #		熯

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hàn (han⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hon³, hon²
• Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): hang³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hàn
    • Wade–Giles: han⁴
    • Yale: hàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hann
    • Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hon³, hon²
    • Yale: hon, hón
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hon³, hon²
    • Guangdong Romanization: hon³, hon²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːn³³/, /hɔːn³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hang³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hàng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ²¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: xanX, xanH

Rime
Character	熯	熯
Reading #	1/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	呼旱切	呼旰切
Baxter	xanX	xanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɑnX/	/hɑnH/
Pan Wuyun	/hɑnX/	/hɑnH/
Shao Rongfen	/xɑnX/	/xɑnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hanX/	/hanH/
Li Rong	/xɑnX/	/xɑnH/
Wang Li	/xɑnX/	/xɑnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/xɑnX/	/xɑnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hǎn	hàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hon2	hon3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*hnaːnʔ/, /*hnaːns/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	熯	熯
Reading #	1/3	2/3
No.	4904	4907
Phonetic component	暵	暵
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	䍐	漢
Old Chinese	/*hnaːnʔ/	/*hnaːns/
Notes		甲金文爲堇下火， 烘乾堇

Definitions

熯

1. (literary) dry; arid
2. (literary) to dry with fire
3. (literary) to burn; to flame
4. (dialectal) to bake over a slow fire
5. (dialectal) to dry with little oil; to sauté
6. (dialectal) to steam
7. Alternative form of 焊 (hàn, “to weld; to solder”)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 蒸 (“to steam”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		蒸
Mandarin	Beijing	蒸
	Taiwan	蒸
	Harbin	蒸
	Yantai (Muping)	蒸
	Jinan	蒸
	Luoyang	蒸
	Wanrong	蒸
	Xi'an	蒸
	Yinchuan	蒸
	Lanzhou	蒸
	Ürümqi	蒸
	Wuhan	蒸
	Chengdu	蒸
	Guiyang	蒸
	Guilin	蒸
	Liuzhou	蒸
	Xuzhou	蒸
	Yangzhou	蒸
	Nanjing	蒸
	Singapore	蒸
Cantonese	Guangzhou	蒸
	Hong Kong	蒸
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	蒸
	Macau	蒸
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	蒸
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	蒸
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	蒸
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	炊, 蒸
	Foshan	蒸
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	蒸
	Foshan (Shunde)	蒸
	Foshan (Sanshui)	蒸
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	蒸
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	蒸
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	蒸
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	蒸
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	炊
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	蒸
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	蒸
	Taishan	炊
	Kaiping (Chikan)	炊
	Enping (Niujiang)	炊
	Heshan (Yayao)	蒸
	Dongguan	炊, 蒸
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	炊
	Qingyuan	蒸
	Fogang	蒸
	Yingde (Hanguang)	蒸
	Yangshan	蒸
	Lianshan (Butian)	蒸
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	蒸
	Shaoguan	蒸
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	蒸
	Renhua	蒸
	Lechang	蒸
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	蒸
	Sihui	蒸
	Guangning	蒸
	Deqing	炊
	Huaiji	蒸
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	蒸
	Yunfu	炊
	Xinxing	炊
	Luoding	蒸
	Yunan (Pingtai)	煮
	Xinyi	蒸
	Lianjiang	蒸
	Nanning	蒸
	Wuzhou	蒸, 炊
	Yulin	蒸
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	蒸
	Singapore (Guangfu)	蒸
Gan	Lichuan	蒸
	Pingxiang	蒸
Hakka	Meixian	蒸
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	蒸
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	蒸
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	蒸
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	蒸
	Conghua (Lütian)	蒸
	Yudu	蒸
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	蒸
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	蒸
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	炊
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	炊
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	炊
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	炊
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	蒸
Jin	Taiyuan	蒸
	Xinzhou	蒸
Northern Min	Jian'ou	炊
	Songxi	炊
	Jianyang	炊
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	炊
	Fuqing	炊
	Gutian	炊
	Ningde	炊
	Zhouning	炊
	Fuding	炊
	Matsu	炊
Southern Min	Xiamen	炊
	Quanzhou	炊
	Yongchun	炊
	Zhangzhou	炊
	Taipei	炊
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	炊
	Kaohsiung	炊
	Yilan	炊
	Changhua (Lukang)	炊
	Taichung	炊
	Tainan	炊
	Hsinchu	炊
	Kinmen	炊
	Penghu (Magong)	炊
	Penang (Hokkien)	炊
	Singapore (Hokkien)	炊
	Longyan	炊
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	炊
	Datian	炊
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	蒸
	Chaozhou	炊
	Shantou	炊
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	炊
	Singapore (Teochew)	炊
	Leizhou	炊
	Wenchang	蒸
Central Min	Yong'an	炊
	Shaxian	炊
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	蒸
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	蒸
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	蒸
Wu	Shanghai	蒸
	Shanghai (Chongming)	蒸
	Danyang	蒸
	Ningbo	熯, 蒸, 炊 rare
	Wenzhou	蒸, 炊
	Jinhua	蒸, 熯, 炊
Xiang	Changsha	蒸
	Quanzhou	蒸

Compounds

• 熯天熾地／熯天炽地
• 熯焚
• 熯熱／熯热

 

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): rǎn (ran³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jin⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rǎn
    • Wade–Giles: jan³
    • Yale: rǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: raan
    • Palladius: жань (žanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐän²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jin⁵
    • Yale: yíhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jin⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: yin⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: nyenX

Rime
Character	熯
Reading #	2/3
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	人善切
Baxter	nyenX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiᴇnX/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiɛnX/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjænX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵianX/
Li Rong	/ȵiɛnX/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭɛnX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ɛnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jin5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*narʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*njanʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	熯
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ nyenX ›
Old Chinese	/*narʔ/
English	respectful; to fear
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	熯
Reading #	3/3
No.	4911
Phonetic component	暵
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	蹨
Old Chinese	/*njanʔ/

Definitions

熯

1. (literary) deferential; respectful

References

• “熯”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

熯

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. by fire

Readings

• On (unclassified): ぜん (zen); ねん (nen); がん (gan)
• Kun: がわく (gawaku)

Korean

Hanja

熯 • (seon) (hangeul 선, revised seon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn, Yale sen)

1. by fire

Vietnamese

Han character

熯: Hán Việt readings: hãn, nhiễn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.