κλάδος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kl̥h₂dos, from *kelh₂- (“to break”). Cognates include Latin clādes, Old Irish caill, Old English holt (English holt).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /klá.dos/ → /ˈkla.ðos/ → /ˈkla.ðos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /klá.dos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈkla.dos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈkla.ðos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈkla.ðos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈkla.ðos/

Noun

κλᾰ́δος • (kládos) m (genitive κλᾰ́δου); second declension

1. a young slip or shoot of a tree, such as is broken off for grafting
2. an olive-branch which was wound round with wool and presented by suppliants
   1. laurel branches used in temples
3. (figuratively) arm

Inflection

The second declension is much more common, but the third is seen, especially in poetic works.

Second declension of ὁ κλᾰ́δος; τοῦ κλᾰ́δου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ κλᾰ́δος ho kládos	τὼ κλᾰ́δω tṑ kládō	οἱ κλᾰ́δοι hoi kládoi
Genitive	τοῦ κλᾰ́δου toû kládou	τοῖν κλᾰ́δοιν toîn kládoin	τῶν κλᾰ́δων tôn kládōn
Dative	τῷ κλᾰ́δῳ tôi kládōi	τοῖν κλᾰ́δοιν toîn kládoin	τοῖς κλᾰ́δοις toîs kládois
Accusative	τὸν κλᾰ́δον tòn kládon	τὼ κλᾰ́δω tṑ kládō	τοὺς κλᾰ́δους toùs kládous
Vocative	κλᾰ́δε kláde	κλᾰ́δω kládō	κλᾰ́δοι kládoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of ὁ κλᾰ́δος; τοῦ κλᾰδός (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ κλᾰ́δος ho kládos	τὼ κλᾰ́δε tṑ kláde	οἱ κλᾰ́δες hoi kládes
Genitive	τοῦ κλᾰδός toû kladós	τοῖν κλᾰδοῖν toîn kladoîn	τῶν κλᾰδῶν tôn kladôn
Dative	τῷ κλᾰδῐ́ tôi kladí	τοῖν κλᾰδοῖν toîn kladoîn	τοῖς κλᾰσῐ́ / κλᾰσῐ́ν toîs klasí(n)
Accusative	τὸν κλᾰ́δᾰ tòn kláda	τὼ κλᾰ́δε tṑ kláde	τοὺς κλᾰ́δᾰς toùs kládas
Vocative	κλᾰ́δος kládos	κλᾰ́δε kláde	κλᾰ́δες kládes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. Nominative singular -ς (-s) arose by reduction of the original cluster *-ds.

Third declension of κλᾰ́δος; κλᾰδός (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	κλᾰ́δος kládos	κλᾰ́δε kláde	κλᾰ́δες kládes
Genitive	κλᾰδός kladós	κλᾰδοῖῐν kladoîin	κλᾰδῶν / κλᾰδέων kladôn / kladéōn
Dative	κλᾰδῐ́ kladí	κλᾰδοῖῐν kladoîin	κλᾰσῐ́ / κλᾰ́δεσσῐ / κλᾰ́δεσῐ / κλᾰδέεσσῐ klasí / kládessi / kládesi / kladéessi
Accusative	κλᾰ́δᾰ kláda	κλᾰ́δε kláde	κλᾰ́δᾰς kládas
Vocative	κλᾰ́δος kládos	κλᾰ́δε kláde	κλᾰ́δες kládes
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Descendants

• English: clade, cladus
• French: clade
• Greek: κλάδος (kládos)

References

• “κλάδος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “κλάδος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• κλάδος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• G2798 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• κλάδος in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • bough idem, page 90.
  • branch idem, page 93.
  • olive idem, page 572.
  • suppliant idem, page 840.

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Greek

Etymology

Learnedly, from the Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos). The figurative and scientific senses, semantic loan from French branche and rameau. Also see κλαρί (klarí). Possibly related to ὀκλαδόν (okladón).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkla.ðos/
• Hyphenation: κλά‧δος

Noun

κλάδος • (kládos) m (plural κλάδος)

1. (horticulture, formal) branch, bough

   Synonyms: κλαδί (kladí), κλαρί (klarí) (informal)

2. (figuratively) branch of organisation
3. (biology) clade

Declension

Declension of κλάδος

	singular	plural
nominative	κλάδος •	κλάδοι •
genitive	κλάδου •	κλάδων •
accusative	κλάδο •	κλάδους •
vocative	κλάδε •	κλάδοι •

Related terms

• ακλάδευτος (akládeftos, “unpruned”)
• άκλαδος (áklados)
• ακλάρωτος (aklárotos)
• ανακλαδίζομαι (anakladízomai, “stretch, squat”)
• ανακλάδισμα n (anakládisma, “stretch”)
• δικακλαδίζομαι (dikakladízomai, “divide in branches”) & related words like
  • διακλάδωση f (diakládosi, “division in branches”)
• κλάδα f (kláda, “large branch”)
• κλάδεμα n (kládema, “pruning”)
• κλαδευτήρι n (kladeftíri), κλαδευτήρα f (kladeftíra) (colloquial)
• κλαδεύω (kladévo, “to prune”) & related words
• κλαδικός (kladikós)
  • for κυκλαδικός (kykladikós, “cycladic”) see κύκλος (kúklos, “circle”)
• κλαδωτός (kladotós)
• κλαρί n (klarí, “branch, twig”) & related words
• ματόκλαδο n (matóklado, “eyelash”)
• ξερόκλαδο n (xeróklado)
• παρακλάδι n (parakládi)
• περικοκλάδα f (perikokláda)
• πολυκλαδικός (polykladikós)
• χαμόκλαδο n (chamóklado)