πνέω
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- πνείω (pneíō) — Poetic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *pnew-. Cognates include Old English fnēosan (English sneeze).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pné.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpne.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈpne.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈpne.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈpne.o/
Verb
πνέω • (pnéō)
- I blow
- New Testament, Acts of the Apostles 27:40
- ante 177 CE, Pollux, Onomasticon 4.72
- to breathe
- ante 177 CE, Pollux, Onomasticon 2.75
- (with accusative) I breathe out
- breathe in, smell
- (of perceptible breathing)
- I breathe, live
- Simm. 25.12
- (figuratively, with cognate accusative) I breathe forth
- I speak
Inflection
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | πνῶ | πνεῖς | πνεῖ | πνεῖτον | πνεῖτον | πνοῦμεν | πνεῖτε | πνοῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | πνῶ | πνῇς | πνῇ | πνῆτον | πνῆτον | πνῶμεν | πνῆτε | πνῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | πνοίην, πνοῖμῐ |
πνοίης, πνοῖς |
πνοίη, πνοῖ |
πνοῖτον, πνοίητον |
πνοίτην, πνοιήτην |
πνοῖμεν, πνοίημεν |
πνοῖτε, πνοίητε |
πνοῖεν, πνοίησᾰν | |||||
imperative | πνεῖ | πνείτω | πνεῖτον | πνείτων | πνεῖτε | πνούντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | πνοῦμαι | πνῇ | πνεῖται | πνεῖσθον | πνεῖσθον | πνούμεθᾰ | πνεῖσθε | πνοῦνται | ||||
subjunctive | πνῶμαι | πνῇ | πνῆται | πνῆσθον | πνῆσθον | πνώμεθᾰ | πνῆσθε | πνῶνται | |||||
optative | πνοίμην | πνοῖο | πνοῖτο | πνοῖσθον | πνοίσθην | πνοίμεθᾰ | πνοῖσθε | πνοῖντο | |||||
imperative | πνοῦ | πνείσθω | πνεῖσθον | πνείσθων | πνεῖσθε | πνείσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | πνεῖν | πνεῖσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | πνῶν | πνούμενος | ||||||||||
f | πνοῦσᾰ | πνουμένη | |||||||||||
n | πνοῦν | πνούμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔπνουν | ἔπνεις | ἔπνει | ἐπνεῖτον | ἐπνείτην | ἐπνοῦμεν | ἐπνεῖτε | ἔπνουν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐπνούμην | ἐπνοῦ | ἐπνεῖτο | ἐπνεῖσθον | ἐπνείσθην | ἐπνούμεθᾰ | ἐπνεῖσθε | ἐπνοῦντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Perfect: πέπνευκᾰ
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | πέπνευκᾰ | πέπνευκᾰς | πέπνευκε(ν) | πεπνεύκᾰτον | πεπνεύκᾰτον | πεπνεύκᾰμεν | πεπνεύκᾰτε | πεπνεύκᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | πεπνεύκω | πεπνεύκῃς | πεπνεύκῃ | πεπνεύκητον | πεπνεύκητον | πεπνεύκωμεν | πεπνεύκητε | πεπνεύκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | πεπνεύκοιμῐ, πεπνευκοίην |
πεπνεύκοις, πεπνευκοίης |
πεπνεύκοι, πεπνευκοίη |
πεπνεύκοιτον | πεπνευκοίτην | πεπνεύκοιμεν | πεπνεύκοιτε | πεπνεύκοιεν | |||||
imperative | πέπνευκε | πεπνευκέτω | πεπνεύκετον | πεπνευκέτων | πεπνεύκετε | πεπνευκόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | πεπνευκέναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | πεπνευκώς | |||||||||||
f | πεπνευκυῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | πεπνευκός | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Synonyms
- ψύχω (psúkhō)
Derived terms
- ἀνᾰπνέω (anapnéō)
- ἀντῐπνέω (antipnéō)
- ἄπνευστος (ápneustos)
- ἀποπνέω (apopnéō)
- δῐᾰπνέω (diapnéō)
- εἰσπνέω (eispnéō)
- ἐκπνέω (ekpnéō)
- ἐμπνέω (empnéō)
- ἐπῐπνέω (epipnéō)
- ἡδύπνευστος (hēdúpneustos)
- θεόπνευστος (theópneustos)
- κᾰτᾰπνέω (katapnéō)
- μετᾰπνέω (metapnéō)
- νεόπνευστος (neópneustos)
- πᾰρᾰπνέω (parapnéō)
- περιπνέω (peripnéō)
- πνευμόρρωξ (pneumórrhōx)
- προσπνέω (prospnéō)
- πῠρίπνευστος (purípneustos)
- σῠμπνέω (sumpnéō)
- ὑπερπνέω (huperpnéō)
- ὑποπνέω (hupopnéō)
Related terms
- πνεῦμᾰ (pneûma)
- πνεύμων (pneúmōn)
- πνεῦσῐς (pneûsis)
- πνευστιάω (pneustiáō)
- πνευστῐκός (pneustikós)
- πνοή (pnoḗ)
Descendants
- Greek: πνέω (pnéo)
References
- “πνέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “πνέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “πνέω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- πνέω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- πνέω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “πνέω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G4154 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek πνέω (pnéō).
Pronunciation
Verb
πνέω • (pnéo) (past έπνευσα, passive —)
Conjugation
πνέω (active forms only)
Active voice ➤ | ||||
Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | ||
Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | ||
1 sg | πνέω | πνεύσω | ||
2 sg | πνέεις | πνεύσεις | ||
3 sg | πνέει | πνεύσει | ||
1 pl | πνέουμε, [‑ομε] | πνεύσουμε, [‑ομε] | ||
2 pl | πνέετε | πνεύσετε | ||
3 pl | πνέουν(ε) | πνεύσουν(ε) | ||
Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | ||
1 sg | έπνεα | έπνευσα | ||
2 sg | έπνεες | έπνευσες | ||
3 sg | έπνεε | έπνευσε | ||
1 pl | πνέαμε | πνεύσαμε | ||
2 pl | πνέατε | πνεύσατε | ||
3 pl | έπνεαν, πνέαν(ε) | έπνευσαν, πνεύσαν(ε) | ||
Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | ||
1 sg | θα πνέω ➤ | θα πνεύσω ➤ | ||
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα πνέεις, … | θα πνεύσεις, … | ||
Perfect aspect ➤ | ||||
Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … πνεύσει | |||
Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … πνεύσει | |||
Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … πνεύσει | |||
Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | ||
2 sg | πνέε | πνεύσε | ||
2 pl | πνέετε | πνεύστε | ||
Other forms | ||||
Active present participle ➤ | πνέοντας ➤ | |||
Active perfect participle ➤ | έχοντας πνεύσει ➤ | |||
Passive perfect participle ➤ | — | |||
Nonfinite form ➤ | πνεύσει | |||
Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
• (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Derived terms
- πνέω μένεα (pnéo ménea, “I am very angry -literlly: I breathe heavily from wrath-”)
- πνέω τα λοίσθια (pnéo ta loísthia, “to breathe one's last”)
Related terms
Compounds and their derivatives:
- αναπνέω (anapnéo, “breathe”)
- αποπνέω (apopnéo, “give off, emit”)
- διαπνέω (diapnéo)
- εισπνέω (eispnéo, “inhale”)
- εκπνέω (ekpnéo, “exhale”)
- εμπνέω (empnéo, “inspire”)
From stems πνε-, πνευσ-, πνευμ- and πνο-
- απνευστί (apnefstí, “without stopping”, adverb)
- άπνοια f (ápnoia, “stillness; without breath”)
- δύσπνοια f (dýspnoia, “dyspnoea, breathlessness”)
- δυσπνοϊκός (dyspnoïkós, “suffering from breathlessness”) (medicine)
- θεόπνευστος (theópnefstos, “inspired by God”)
- μακρόπνοος (makrópnoos, “far-reaching”)
- μεγαλόπνευστος (megalópnefstos, “of high inspiration”)
- ξέπνοος (xépnoos, “breathless”)
- πνεύμα n (pnévma, “spirit”) & related
- πνεύμονας m (pnévmonas, “lung”) & related
- πνευστά n pl (pnefstá, “wind instruments”) (music)
- πνευστός (pnefstós, “functioning with air”)
- πνοή f (pnoḯ, “breath; breeze”) & related
- σύμπνοια f (sýmpnoia)
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Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek verbs
- Greek verbs conjugating like 'επιπλέω'
- Greek verbs lacking passive forms