σάκκος

Ancient Greek

Disputed. The word is a widely-borrowed Mediterranean Kulturwort.^[1]

In the case of Ancient Greek, most likely borrowed from a Semitic language, possibly Phoenician. Compare Hebrew שַׂק (sak), Imperial Aramaic 𐡔𐡒 (šq), Talmudic Aramaic סַקָּא, Classical Syriac ܣܩܐ, Ge'ez ሠቅ (śäḳ), Akkadian 𒆭𒊓 (/⁠šaqqu⁠/), Egyptian sꜣgꜣ.

The pathway of borrowing and the word's ultimate origin are disputed:

Viewpoints

Černý and Forbes suggest the word was originally Egyptian, a nominal derivative of sꜣq (“to gather or put together”) that also yielded Coptic ⲥⲟⲕ (sok, “sackcloth”) and was borrowed into Greek perhaps by way of a Semitic intermediary.^[2]^[3]
Vycichl and Hoch reject this idea, noting that such an originally Egyptian word would be expected to yield Hebrew *סַק rather than שַׂק. Instead, they posit that the Coptic and Greek words are both borrowed from Semitic, with the Coptic word perhaps developing via Egyptian sꜣgꜣ.^[4]^[5]

σᾰ́κκος • (sắkkos) m (genitive σᾰ́κκου); second declension

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Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ σᾰ́κκος ho sắkkos	τὼ σᾰ́κκω tṑ sắkkō	οἱ σᾰ́κκοι hoi sắkkoi
Genitive	τοῦ σᾰ́κκου toû sắkkou	τοῖν σᾰ́κκοιν toîn sắkkoin	τῶν σᾰ́κκων tôn sắkkōn
Dative	τῷ σᾰ́κκῳ tōî sắkkōi	τοῖν σᾰ́κκοιν toîn sắkkoin	τοῖς σᾰ́κκοις toîs sắkkois
Accusative	τὸν σᾰ́κκον tòn sắkkon	τὼ σᾰ́κκω tṑ sắkkō	τοὺς σᾰ́κκους toùs sắkkous
Vocative	σᾰ́κκε sắkke	σᾰ́κκω sắkkō	σᾰ́κκοι sắkkoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “σάκκος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1302
^ Robert Jacobus Forbes (1955), Studies in Ancient Technology, volume 4, page 66
^ Černý, Jaroslav (1976), Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 149
^ Vycichl, Werner (1983), Dictionnaire Étymologique de la Langue Copte, Leuven: Peeters, →ISBN, page 186
^ Hoch, James E. (1994), Semitic Words in Egyptian Texts of the New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period, Princeton: Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 269