τύραννος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Perhaps a borrowing of a Lydian word for “king” or a similar word in another language of Asia Minor.

Compare Hittite [script needed] (šarawanaš), [script needed] (tarawanaš), Philistine 𐤈𐤓𐤍 (ṭrn, “lord, ruler”), Τυρρηνός (Turrhēnós, “Etruscan”), τύρσις (túrsis, “tower”) and Etruscan 𐌕𐌖𐌓𐌏𐌍 (turon, “mistress, lady”), a surname of Venus, which is probably related.

Beekes argues for a Pre-Greek origin.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /tý.ran.nos/ → /ˈty.ran.nos/ → /ˈti.ra.nos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /tý.ran.nos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈty.ran.nos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈty.ran.nos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈty.ran.nos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈti.ra.nos/

Noun

τῠ́ρᾰννος • (tŭ́rănnos) m or f (genitive τῠρᾰ́ννου); second declension

1. absolute ruler (originally applied to the Lydian king Gyges)
2. (with negative connotation) tyrant; dictator; despot

Declension

Second declension of ὁ / ἡ τῠ́ρᾰννος; τοῦ / τῆς τῠρᾰ́ννου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ / ἡ τῠ́ρᾰννος ho / hē tŭ́rănnos	τὼ τῠρᾰ́ννω tṑ tŭrắnnō	οἱ / αἱ τῠ́ρᾰννοι hoi / hai tŭ́rănnoi
Genitive	τοῦ / τῆς τῠρᾰ́ννου toû / tês tŭrắnnou	τοῖν τῠρᾰ́ννοιν toîn tŭrắnnoin	τῶν τῠρᾰ́ννων tôn tŭrắnnōn
Dative	τῷ / τῇ τῠρᾰ́ννῳ tōî / tēî tŭrắnnōi	τοῖν τῠρᾰ́ννοιν toîn tŭrắnnoin	τοῖς / ταῖς τῠρᾰ́ννοις toîs / taîs tŭrắnnois
Accusative	τὸν / τὴν τῠ́ρᾰννον tòn / tḕn tŭ́rănnon	τὼ τῠρᾰ́ννω tṑ tŭrắnnō	τοὺς / τᾱ̀ς τῠρᾰ́ννους toùs / tā̀s tŭrắnnous
Vocative	τῠ́ρᾰννε tŭ́rănne	τῠρᾰ́ννω tŭrắnnō	τῠ́ρᾰννοι tŭ́rănnoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• αἰνοτῠ́ρᾰννος (ainotŭ́rănnos)
• ᾰ̓ντῐτῠρᾰννέω (ăntĭtŭrănnéō)
• ᾰ̓ντῐτῠρᾰννῶ (ăntĭtŭrănnô)
• ᾰ̓τῠρᾰ́ννευτος (ătŭrắnneutos)
• ᾰ̓τῠρᾰ́ννητος (ătŭrắnnētos)
• ᾰ̓τῠ́ρᾰννος (ătŭ́rănnos)
• ἐντῠρᾰννέομαι (entŭrănnéomai)
• ἐντῠρᾰννέω (entŭrănnéō)
• ἐντῠρᾰννῶ (entŭrănnô)
• ῐ̓σοτῠ́ρᾰννος (ĭsotŭ́rănnos)
• κᾰτᾰτῠρᾰννεύω (kătătŭrănneúō)
• κᾰτᾰτῠρᾰννέω (kătătŭrănnéō)
• κᾰτᾰτῠρᾰννῶ (kătătŭrănnô)
• κηποτῠ́ρᾰννος (kēpotŭ́rănnos)
• μηνοτῠ́ρᾰννος (mēnotŭ́rănnos)
• μῑσοτῠ́ρᾰννος (mīsotŭ́rănnos)
• μῡρῐᾰτῠρᾰννέω (mūrĭătŭrănnéō)
• μῡρῐᾰτῠρᾰννῶ (mūrĭătŭrănnô)
• μῡρῐοτῠρᾰννήσεις (mūrĭotŭrănnḗseis)
• μῡρῐοτῠρᾰννῐ́ζω (mūrĭotŭrănnĭ́zō)
• ὀδοντοτῠ́ρᾰννος (odontotŭ́rănnos)
• οἰκοτῠ́ρᾰννος (oikotŭ́rănnos)
• ὀλεσσῐτῠ́ρᾰννος (olessĭtŭ́rănnos)
• ὁμοιοτῠ́ρᾰννος (homoiotŭ́rănnos)
• ὁμοτῠ́ρᾰννος (homotŭ́rănnos)
• πολῠτῠ́ρᾰννος (polŭtŭ́rănnos)
• πτερῠγοτῠ́ρᾰννος (pterŭgotŭ́rănnos)
• σῠντῠρᾰννέομαι (sŭntŭrănnéomai)
• σῠντῠρᾰννεύω (sŭntŭrănneúō)
• σῠντῠρᾰννέω (sŭntŭrănnéō)
• σῠντῠρᾰννοκτονέω (sŭntŭrănnoktonéō)
• σῠντῠρᾰννοκτονῶ (sŭntŭrănnoktonô)
• σῠντῠ́ρᾰννος (sŭntŭ́rănnos)
• σῠντῠρᾰννῶ (sŭntŭrănnô)
• τῠρᾰννᾰ́ω (tŭrănnắō)
• τῠρᾰννεῖον (tŭrănneîon)
• τῠρᾰννεύω (tŭrănneúō)
• τῠρᾰννέω (tŭrănnéō)
• τῠρᾰννησείω (tŭrănnēseíō)
• τῠρᾰ́ννησῐς (tŭrắnnēsĭs)
• τῠρᾰννητέον (tŭrănnētéon)
• τῠρᾰννῐ́ᾱ (tŭrănnĭ́ā)
• τῠρᾰννῐᾰ́ω (tŭrănnĭắō)
• τῠρᾰννῐ́ζω (tŭrănnĭ́zō)
• τῠρᾰννῐκᾰ́ (tŭrănnĭkắ)
• τῠρᾰννῐκόν (tŭrănnĭkón)
• τῠρᾰννῐκός (tŭrănnĭkós)
• τῠρᾰννῐκῶς (tŭrănnĭkôs)
• τῠρᾰννῐ́ς (tŭrănnĭ́s)
• τῠρᾰννῐῶ (tŭrănnĭô)
• Τῠρᾰννῐ́ων (Tŭrănnĭ́ōn)
• τῠρᾰννογνόφος (tŭrănnognóphos)
• τῠρᾰννοδαίμων (tŭrănnodaímōn)
• τῠρᾰννοδῐδᾰ́σκᾰλος (tŭrănnodĭdắskălos)
• τῠρᾰννοκτόνειος (tŭrănnoktóneios)
• τῠρᾰννοκτονέω (tŭrănnoktonéō)
• τῠρᾰννοκτονῐ́ᾱ (tŭrănnoktonĭ́ā)
• τῠρᾰννοκτονῐκός (tŭrănnoktonĭkós)
• τῠρᾰννοκτόνῐος (tŭrănnoktónĭos)
• τῠρᾰννοκτόνος (tŭrănnoktónos)
• τῠρᾰννοκτονῶ (tŭrănnoktonô)
• τῠ́ρᾰννον (tŭ́rănnon)
• τῠρᾰννοποιός (tŭrănnopoiós)
• τῠρᾰννοπολῑ́της (tŭrănnopolī́tēs)
• Τῠ́ρᾰννος (Tŭ́rănnos)
• τῠρᾰννοφόνος (tŭrănnophónos)
• τῠρᾰννόφρων (tŭrănnóphrōn)
• τῠρᾰννόω (tŭrănnóō)
• τῠρᾰννῶ (tŭrănnô)
• τῠρᾰννώδης (tŭrănnṓdēs)
• τῠρᾰ́ννως (tŭrắnnōs)
• ῠ̔ποτῠ́ρᾰννος (hŭpotŭ́rănnos)
• φῐλοτῠ́ρᾰννος (phĭlotŭ́rănnos)
• φλογμοτῠ́ρᾰννος (phlogmotŭ́rănnos)
• ψῡχοτῠ́ρᾰννος (psūkhotŭ́rănnos)
• ὠμοτῠ́ρᾰννος (ōmotŭ́rănnos)

Descendants

• → Coptic: ⲧⲩⲣⲁⲛⲟⲥ (turanos)
• → Latin: tyrannus (see there for further descendants)
• → Lithuanian: tironas

Adjective

τῠ́ρᾰννος • (tŭ́rănnos) m or f (neuter τῠ́ρᾰννον); second declension

1. kingly; royal; regal
2. imperious; despotic

Declension

Second declension of τῠ́ρᾰννος; τῠ́ρᾰννον (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		τῠ́ρᾰννος tŭ́rănnos		τῠ́ρᾰννον tŭ́rănnon		τῠρᾰ́ννω tŭrắnnō		τῠρᾰ́ννω tŭrắnnō		τῠ́ρᾰννοι tŭ́rănnoi		τῠ́ρᾰννᾰ tŭ́rănnă
Genitive		τῠρᾰ́ννου tŭrắnnou		τῠρᾰ́ννου tŭrắnnou		τῠρᾰ́ννοιν tŭrắnnoin		τῠρᾰ́ννοιν tŭrắnnoin		τῠρᾰ́ννων tŭrắnnōn		τῠρᾰ́ννων tŭrắnnōn
Dative		τῠρᾰ́ννῳ tŭrắnnōi		τῠρᾰ́ννῳ tŭrắnnōi		τῠρᾰ́ννοιν tŭrắnnoin		τῠρᾰ́ννοιν tŭrắnnoin		τῠρᾰ́ννοις tŭrắnnois		τῠρᾰ́ννοις tŭrắnnois
Accusative		τῠ́ρᾰννον tŭ́rănnon		τῠ́ρᾰννον tŭ́rănnon		τῠρᾰ́ννω tŭrắnnō		τῠρᾰ́ννω tŭrắnnō		τῠρᾰ́ννους tŭrắnnous		τῠ́ρᾰννᾰ tŭ́rănnă
Vocative		τῠ́ρᾰννε tŭ́rănne		τῠ́ρᾰννον tŭ́rănnon		τῠρᾰ́ννω tŭrắnnō		τῠρᾰ́ννω tŭrắnnō		τῠ́ρᾰννοι tŭ́rănnoi		τῠ́ρᾰννᾰ tŭ́rănnă
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		τῠρᾰ́ννως tŭrắnnōs				τῠρᾰννότερος tŭrănnóteros				τῠρᾰννότᾰτος tŭrănnótătos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Further reading

• “τύραννος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “τύραννος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• τύραννος in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• “τύραννος”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • autocrat idem, page 54.
  • despot idem, page 217.
  • despotic idem, page 217.
  • imperial idem, page 420.
  • imperious idem, page 420.
  • king idem, page 469.
  • kingly idem, page 470.
  • lord idem, page 500.
  • masterful idem, page 517.
  • princely idem, page 641.
  • princess idem, page 641.
  • queen idem, page 664.
  • queenly idem, page 664.
  • regal idem, page 686.
  • royal idem, page 724.
  • ruler idem, page 726.
  • tyrannical idem, page 905.
  • tyrant idem, page 905.
  • usurper idem, page 941.
• τύραννος, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

Greek

Noun

τύραννος • (týrannos) m (plural τύραννοι)

1. tyrant
2. (historical) tyrant (an absolute ruler in ancient Greece)

Declension

Declension of τύραννος

	singular	plural
nominative	τύραννος (týrannos)	τύραννοι (týrannoi)
genitive	τυράννου (tyránnou)	τυράννων (tyránnon)
accusative	τύραννο (týranno)	τυράννους (tyránnous)
vocative	τύραννε (týranne)	τύραννοι (týrannoi)

Synonyms

• δεσπότης m (despótis)
• αγάς m (agás)

Related terms

• τυραννία f (tyrannía, “tyranny”)
• τυραννικός (tyrannikós, “tyrannical”)
• τυραννώ (tyrannó, “to tyrannise”)

Further reading

• τύραννος on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^el