φαίνω
Appearance
Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Hellenic *pʰáňňō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂-n-yé-ti, thematic yé-present of *bʰeh₂- (“to shine”) with an innovative zero-grade nasal infix.[1]
The present tense system includes a *-ϳ- (*-j-) progressive aspect marker.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰǎi̯.nɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpʰɛ.no/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈɸɛ.no/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈfe.no/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈfe.no/
Verb
[edit]φαίνω • (phaínō)
- (transitive) to cause to appear; to bring to light; to show; to uncover; to reveal
- to make known, reveal, disclose
- 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus Rex 1229:
- ὅσα κεύθει, τὰ δ’ αὐτίκ’ εἰς τὸ φῶς φανεῖ κακὰ ἑκόντα κοὐκ ἄκοντα.
- hósa keúthei, tà d’ autík’ eis tò phôs phaneî kakà hekónta kouk ákonta.
- So many are the ills that this house shrouds, or will soon bring to light, ills wrought not unwillingly but on purpose.
- ὅσα κεύθει, τὰ δ’ αὐτίκ’ εἰς τὸ φῶς φανεῖ κακὰ ἑκόντα κοὐκ ἄκοντα.
- to make (a sound) heard
- to show forth; to expound
- to denounce
- 424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 300:
- φανῶ σε τοῖς πρυτάνεσιν ἀδεκατεύτους τῶν θεῶν ἱερὰς ἔχοντα κοιλίας.
- phanô se toîs prutánesin adekateútous tôn theôn hieràs ékhonta koilías.
- I will denounce you to the Prytanes as the owner of sacred tripe, that has not paid tithe.
- φανῶ σε τοῖς πρυτάνεσιν ἀδεκατεύτους τῶν θεῶν ἱερὰς ἔχοντα κοιλίας.
- (intransitive) to shine, give light
- 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 586:
- ὁ δ’ ἥλιος […] οὐ φανεῖν ἔφασκεν ὑμῖν, εἰ στρατηγήσει Κλέων.
- ho d’ hḗlios […] ou phaneîn éphasken humîn, ei stratēgḗsei Kléōn.
- and the Sun […] declared he would not give you light, if Cleon should be your general.
- ὁ δ’ ἥλιος […] οὐ φανεῖν ἔφασκεν ὑμῖν, εἰ στρατηγήσει Κλέων.
- (passive voice) to appear; to shine
- to come into being
- 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 974:
- εἰ δ’ αὖ φανεὶς δύστηνος, ὡς ἐγὼ ’φάνην
- ei d’ aû phaneìs dústēnos, hōs egṑ ’phánēn
- But if, having been born o misery—as I was born
- εἰ δ’ αὖ φανεὶς δύστηνος, ὡς ἐγὼ ’φάνην
- to come about
- (copulative or control verb) to appear (to be)
- c. 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 15.25:
- ἀλλὰ σύ γ’ ἐλθὼν αὐτὸς ἐπιτρέψειας ἕκαστα δμῳάων ἥ τίς τοι ἀρίστη φαίνεται εἶναι
- allà sú g’ elthṑn autòs epitrépseias hékasta dmōiáōn hḗ tís toi arístē phaínetai eînai
- Nay, go, and thyself put all thy possessions in the charge of whatsoever one of the handmaids seems to be the best.
- ἀλλὰ σύ γ’ ἐλθὼν αὐτὸς ἐπιτρέψειας ἕκαστα δμῳάων ἥ τίς τοι ἀρίστη φαίνεται εἶναι
- (Koine, impersonal) to seem
Conjugation
[edit]| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔφαινον | ἔφαινες | ἔφαινε(ν) | ἐφαίνετον | ἐφαινέτην | ἐφαίνομεν | ἐφαίνετε | ἔφαινον | ||||
| middle/ |
indicative | ἐφαινόμην | ἐφαίνου | ἐφαίνετο | ἐφαίνεσθον | ἐφαινέσθην | ἐφαινόμεθᾰ | ἐφαίνεσθε | ἐφαίνοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | φαῖνον | φαῖνες | φαῖνε(ν) | φαίνετον | φαινέτην | φαίνομεν | φαίνετε | φαῖνον | ||||
| middle/ |
indicative | φαινόμην | φαίνεο, φαίνευ |
φαίνετο | φαίνεσθον | φαινέσθην | φαινόμε(σ)θᾰ | φαίνεσθε | φαίνοντο | ||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔφαινον | ἔφαινες | ἔφαινε(ν) | ἐφαίνετον | ἐφαινέτην | ἐφαίνομεν | ἐφαίνετε | ἔφαινον | ||||
| middle/ |
indicative | ἐφαινόμην | ἐφαίνεο, ἐφαίνευ |
ἐφαίνετο | ἐφαίνεσθον | ἐφαινέσθην | ἐφαινόμε(σ)θᾰ | ἐφαίνεσθε | ἐφαίνοντο | ||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | φᾰ́νεσκον | φᾰ́νεσκες | φᾰ́νεσκε(ν) | φᾰνέσκετον | φᾰνεσκέτην | φᾰνέσκομεν | φᾰνέσκετε | φᾰ́νεσκον | ||||
| middle | indicative | φᾰνεσκόμην | φᾰνέσκου | φᾰνέσκετο | φᾰνέσκεσθον | φᾰνεσκέσθην | φᾰνεσκόμεθᾰ | φᾰνέσκεσθε | φᾰνέσκοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | φᾰνέω | φᾰνέεις | φᾰνέει | φᾰνέετον | φᾰνέετον | φᾰνέομεν | φᾰνέετε | φᾰνέουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | φᾰνέοιμῐ | φᾰνέοις | φᾰνέοι | φᾰνέοιτον | φᾰνεοίτην | φᾰνέοιμεν | φᾰνέοιτε | φᾰνέοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | φᾰνέομαι | φᾰνέῃ, φᾰνέει |
φᾰνέεται | φᾰνέεσθον | φᾰνέεσθον | φᾰνεόμεθᾰ | φᾰνέεσθε | φᾰνέονται | ||||
| optative | φᾰνεοίμην | φᾰνέοιο | φᾰνέοιτο | φᾰνέοισθον | φᾰνεοίσθην | φᾰνεοίμεθᾰ | φᾰνέοισθε | φᾰνέοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | φᾰνήσομαι | φᾰνήσῃ, φᾰνήσει |
φᾰνήσεται | φᾰνήσεσθον | φᾰνήσεσθον | φᾰνησόμεθᾰ | φᾰνήσεσθε | φᾰνήσονται | ||||
| optative | φᾰνησοίμην | φᾰνήσοιο | φᾰνήσοιτο | φᾰνήσοισθον | φᾰνησοίσθην | φᾰνησοίμεθᾰ | φᾰνήσοισθε | φᾰνήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | φᾰνέειν | φᾰνέεσθαι | φᾰνήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | φᾰνέων | φᾰνεόμενος | φᾰνησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | φᾰνέουσᾰ | φᾰνεομένη | φᾰνησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | φᾰνέον | φᾰνεόμενον | φᾰνησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| passive | indicative | ἐφᾰ́νην | ἐφᾰ́νης | ἐφᾰ́νη | ἐφᾰ́νητον | ἐφᾰνήτην | ἐφᾰ́νημεν | ἐφᾰ́νητε | ἐφᾰ́νησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | φᾰνῶ | φᾰνῇς | φᾰνῇ | φᾰνῆτον | φᾰνῆτον | φᾰνῶμεν | φᾰνῆτε | φᾰνῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | φᾰνείην | φᾰνείης | φᾰνείη | φᾰνεῖτον, φᾰνείητον |
φᾰνείτην, φᾰνειήτην |
φᾰνεῖμεν, φᾰνείημεν |
φᾰνεῖτε, φᾰνείητε |
φᾰνεῖεν, φᾰνείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | φᾰ́νηθῐ | φᾰνήτω | φᾰ́νητον | φᾰνήτων | φᾰ́νητε | φᾰνέντων | |||||||
| passive | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | φᾰνῆναι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | φᾰνείς | |||||||||||
| f | φᾰνεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | φᾰνέν | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| passive | indicative | φᾰᾰ́νθην | φᾰᾰ́νθης | φᾰᾰ́νθη | φᾰᾰ́νθητον | φᾰᾰνθήτην | φᾰᾰ́νθημεν | φᾰᾰ́νθητε | φᾰᾰ́νθησᾰν, φᾰ́ᾰνθεν | ||||
| subjunctive | φᾰᾰνθῶ | φᾰᾰνθῇς | φᾰᾰνθῇ | φᾰᾰνθῆτον | φᾰᾰνθῆτον | φᾰᾰνθῶμεν | φᾰᾰνθῆτε | φᾰᾰνθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | φᾰᾰνθείην | φᾰᾰνθείης | φᾰᾰνθείη | φᾰᾰνθεῖτον | φᾰᾰνθείτην | φᾰᾰνθεῖμεν | φᾰᾰνθεῖτε | φᾰᾰνθεῖεν | |||||
| imperative | φᾰᾰ́νθητῐ | φᾰᾰνθήτω | φᾰᾰ́νθητον | φᾰᾰνθήτων | φᾰᾰ́νθητε | φᾰᾰνθέντων | |||||||
| passive | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | φᾰᾰνθῆναι, φᾰᾰνθήμεναι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | φᾰᾰνθείς | |||||||||||
| f | φᾰᾰνθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | φᾰᾰνθέν | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| passive | indicative | φᾰ́νην | φᾰ́νης | φᾰ́νη | φᾰ́νητον | φᾰνήτην | φᾰ́νημεν | φᾰ́νητε | φᾰ́νησᾰν, φᾰ́νεν | ||||
| subjunctive | φᾰνῶ | φᾰνῇς | φᾰνήῃ, φᾰνῇ, φᾰνῇσῐ |
φᾰνῆτον | φᾰνῆτον | φᾰνῶμεν | φᾰνῆτε | φᾰνῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | φᾰνείην | φᾰνείης | φᾰνείη | φᾰνεῖτον | φᾰνείτην | φᾰνεῖμεν | φᾰνεῖτε | φᾰνεῖεν | |||||
| imperative | φᾰ́νηθῐ | φᾰνήτω | φᾰ́νητον | φᾰνήτων | φᾰ́νητε | φᾰνέντων | |||||||
| passive | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | φᾰνῆναι, φᾰνήμεναι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | φᾰνείς | |||||||||||
| f | φᾰνεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | φᾰνέν | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐπεφήνειν, ἐπεφήνη |
ἐπεφήνεις, ἐπεφήνης |
ἐπεφήνει(ν) | ἐπεφήνετον | ἐπεφηνέτην | ἐπεφήνεμεν | ἐπεφήνετε | ἐπεφήνεσᾰν | ||||
| middle | indicative | ἐπεφᾰ́σμην | πεφᾰσμένος ἦσθᾰ | ἐπέφᾰντο | ἐπέφᾰνθον | ἐπεφᾰ́νθην | ἐπεφᾰ́σμεθᾰ | ἐπέφᾰνθε | ἐπεφᾰ́νᾰτο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐπεφᾱ́νειν, ἐπεφᾱ́νη |
ἐπεφᾱ́νεις, ἐπεφᾱ́νης |
ἐπέφᾱνεν | ἐπεφᾱ́νετον | ἐπεφᾱνέτᾱν | ἐπεφᾱ́νεμες | ἐπεφᾱ́νετε | ἐπεφᾱ́νεσᾰν | ||||
| middle | indicative | ἐπεφᾰ́σμᾱν | ἐπέφᾰνσο | ἐπέφᾰντο | ἐπέφᾰνθον | ἐπεφᾰ́νθην | ἐπεφᾰ́σμεθᾰ | ἐπέφᾰνθε | ἐπεφᾰ́νᾰτο | ||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future perfect: πεφᾰ́νομαι (Epic)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ |
indicative | πεφᾰ́νομαι | πεφᾰ́νεαι, πεφᾰ́νῃ |
πεφᾰ́νεται | πεφᾰ́νεσθον | πεφᾰ́νεσθον | πεφᾰνόμε(σ)θᾰ | πεφᾰ́νεσθε | πεφᾰ́νονται | ||||
| optative | πεφᾰνοίμην | πεφᾰ́νοιο | πεφᾰ́νοιτο | πεφᾰ́νοισθον | πεφᾰνοίσθην | πεφᾰνοίμε(σ)θᾰ | πεφᾰ́νοισθε | πεφᾰνοίᾰτο | |||||
| middle/ | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | πεφᾰ́νεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | πεφᾰνόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | πεφᾰνομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | πεφᾰνόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Synonyms
[edit]- (show, reveal): ἀναφαίνω (anaphaínō), ἀποφαίνω (apophaínō), ἐπιφαίνω (epiphaínō), προφαίνω (prophaínō), δείκνῡμῐ (deíknūmĭ), διαδείκνυμι (diadeíknumi), ἐπιδείκνυμι (epideíknumi), ἀποκαλύπτω (apokalúptō), δηλόω (dēlóō), σημαίνω (sēmaínō), φράζω (phrázō)
- (shine): λάμπω (lámpō), αὐγάζω (augázō), αὐγέω (augéō), φέγγω (phéngō), σελαγέω (selagéō), στίλβω (stílbō), πρέπω (prépō), θέω (théō)
- (seem): δοκέω (dokéō), εἴδομαι (eídomai), ἔοικα (éoika), ἰνδάλλομαι (indállomai), ὑπειδόμην (hupeidómēn)
Derived terms
[edit]- -φᾰνής (-phănḗs)
- verb with prefix
- ᾰ̓νᾰφαίνω (ănăphaínō)
- ᾰ̓ντῐφαίνω (ăntĭphaínō)
- ᾰ̓ποφαίνω (ăpophaínō)
- δῐᾰφαίνω (dĭăphaínō)
- εἰσφαίνω (eisphaínō)
- ἐκφαίνω (ekphaínō)
- ἐμφαίνω (emphaínō)
- ἐπῐφαίνω (epĭphaínō)
- κᾰτᾰφαίνω (kătăphaínō)
- παμφαίνω (pamphaínō)
- πᾰρᾰφαίνω (părăphaínō)
- περῐφαίνομαι (perĭphaínomai)
- προσφαίνομαι (prosphaínomai)
- προφαίνω (prophaínō)
- σῠμφαίνομαι (sŭmphaínomai)
- ῠ̔περφαίνομαι (hŭperphaínomai)
- ῠ̔ποφαίνω (hŭpophaínō)
- other
- ἀριφᾰνής (ariphănḗs)
- Δῐόφᾰντος (Dĭóphăntos)
- ῐ̔εροφᾰ́ντης (hĭerophắntēs)
- Κλεόφᾰντος (Kleóphăntos)
- νῠκτῐ́φᾰντος (nŭktĭ́phăntos)
- σῡκοφᾰ́ντης (sūkophắntēs)
- φαινομένω (phainoménō)
- φαινομηρῐ́ς (phainomērĭ́s)
- φαινόπους (phainópous)
- φαινοπροσωπέω (phainoprosōpéō)
- φαῖνοψ (phaînops)
- Φαίνων (Phaínōn)
- φᾰναῖος (phănaîos)
- φᾱνάπτης (phānáptēs)
- φᾰνή (phănḗ)
- φάνης (phánēs)
- φᾰνητιασμός (phănētiasmós)
- φαντάζω (phantázō)
- φαντασία (phantasía)
- φαντασιάζομαι (phantasiázomai)
- φαντασιόω (phantasióō)
- φάντασις (phántasis)
- φάντασμα (phántasma)
- φανταστός (phantastós)
- φάντης (phántēs)
- φαντῐκός (phantĭkós)
- φᾰντός (phăntós)
- φάντωρ (phántōr)
- φᾰ́σῐς (phắsĭs)
- φᾰ́σμᾰ (phắsmă)
- φρουρᾱ́ν φαίνω (phrourā́n phaínō)
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- →? Proto-Albanian: *wrefenj-
- Albanian: rrëfej
- → English: pheno-, -phany
- Greek: φαίνομαι (faínomai)
- Italiot Greek: fènome
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “παίνω, -ομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1545–1546
Further reading
[edit]- “φαίνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “φαίνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “φαίνω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- φαίνω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “φαίνω”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5316 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- φαίνω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeh₂- (shine)
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek transitive verbs
- Ancient Greek terms with quotations
- Ancient Greek intransitive verbs
- Ancient Greek copulative verbs
- Ancient Greek control verbs
- Koine Greek
- Ancient Greek impersonal verbs
- grc:Light
- grc:Sound
- Ancient Greek verbs with a progressive iota or yod marker