φράζω
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Uncertain. Seems to go back to a stem *φραδ-. Might be related to φρήν (phrḗn, “wits, will”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰráz.dɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpʰra.zo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈɸra.zo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈfra.zo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈfra.zo/
Verb
[edit]φρᾰ́ζω • (phrázō)
- to make known, point out, intimate, show
- to tell, declare
- to explain, interpret
- to counsel, advise, suggest, bid, order
- (middle voice) to think, consider, ponder, muse
- (middle voice) to devise, plan, design, intend
- (middle voice) to think, suppose, believe, imagine that
- (middle voice) to remark, perceive, notice
- (middle voice) to come to know, learn, become acquainted with, see, understand
- (middle voice) to observe, watch, guard
- (middle voice) to mind, heed, take care, beware of
Inflection
[edit] Present: φρᾰ́ζω, φρᾰ́ζομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔφρᾰζον | ἔφρᾰζες | ἔφρᾰζε(ν) | ἐφρᾰ́ζετον | ἐφρᾰζέτην | ἐφρᾰ́ζομεν | ἐφρᾰ́ζετε | ἔφρᾰζον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐφρᾰζόμην | ἐφρᾰ́ζου | ἐφρᾰ́ζετο | ἐφρᾰ́ζεσθον | ἐφρᾰζέσθην | ἐφρᾰζόμεθᾰ | ἐφρᾰ́ζεσθε | ἐφρᾰ́ζοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | φρᾰ́ζον | φρᾰ́ζες | φρᾰ́ζε(ν) | φρᾰ́ζετον | φρᾰζέτην | φρᾰ́ζομεν | φρᾰ́ζετε | φρᾰ́ζον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | φρᾰζόμην | φρᾰ́ζου | φρᾰ́ζετο | φρᾰ́ζεσθον | φρᾰζέσθην | φρᾰζόμε(σ)θᾰ | φρᾰ́ζεσθε | φρᾰ́ζοντο | ||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | πέφρᾰδον | πέφρᾰδες | πέφρᾰδε(ν) | πεφρᾰ́δετον | πεφρᾰδέτην | πεφρᾰ́δομεν | πεφρᾰ́δετε | πέφρᾰδον | ||||
| middle | indicative | πεφρᾰδόμην | πεφρᾰ́δεο | πεφρᾰ́δετο | πεφρᾰ́δεσθον | πεφρᾰδέσθην | πεφρᾰδόμε(σ)θᾰ | πεφρᾰ́δεσθε | πεφρᾰ́δοντο | ||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Pluperfect: ἐπεφρᾰ́κειν, ἐπεφρᾰ́σμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐπεφρᾰ́κειν, ἐπεφρᾰ́κη |
ἐπεφρᾰ́κεις, ἐπεφρᾰ́κης |
ἐπεφρᾰ́κει(ν) | ἐπεφρᾰ́κετον | ἐπεφρᾰκέτην | ἐπεφρᾰ́κεμεν | ἐπεφρᾰ́κετε | ἐπεφρᾰ́κεσᾰν | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐπεφρᾰ́σμην | ἐπέφρᾰσο | ἐπέφρᾰστο | ἐπέφρᾰσθον | ἐπεφρᾰ́σθην | ἐπεφρᾰ́σμεθᾰ | ἐπέφρᾰσθε | ἐπεφρᾰ́δᾰτο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “φράζομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1588
Further reading
[edit]- “φράζω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “φράζω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “φράζω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- φράζω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- φράζω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “φράζω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5419 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- φράσσω (frásso) (formal)
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Byzantine Greek φράζω (phrázō) from Ancient Greek φράσσω (phrássō) or φράττω (phráttō) from past tense ‑αξα to present ‑άζω, in the pattern of στάζω (stázō), ἔσταξα (éstaxa, “I dripped”).
Unrelated to the ancient φράζω (phrázō, “tell, explain”). Stems φρακ-, φραγ- unrelated to φρακάρω (frakáro) or φράξια (fráxia) (see Related terms).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]φράζω • (frázo) (past έφραξα, passive φράζομαι, p‑past φράχτηκα, ppp φραγμένος)
- (transitive) to fence
- (transitive, intransitive) to block, obstruct, clog
- Έφραξε ο νεροχύτης.
- Éfraxe o nerochýtis.
- The sink clogged up.
Conjugation
[edit]φράζω φράζομαι
| Active voice ➤ | Passive voice ➤ | |||
| Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
| Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | Present | Dependent |
| 1 sg | φράζω | φράξω | φράζομαι | φραχτώ |
| 2 sg | φράζεις | φράξεις | φράζεσαι | φραχτείς |
| 3 sg | φράζει | φράξει | φράζεται | φραχτεί |
| 1 pl | φράζουμε, [‑ομε] | φράξουμε, [‑ομε] | φραζόμαστε | φραχτούμε |
| 2 pl | φράζετε | φράξετε | φράζεστε, φραζόσαστε | φραχτείτε |
| 3 pl | φράζουν(ε) | φράξουν(ε) | φράζονται | φραχτούν(ε) |
| Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | Imperfect | Simple past |
| 1 sg | έφραζα | έφραξα | φραζόμουν(α) | φράχτηκα |
| 2 sg | έφραζες | έφραξες | φραζόσουν(α) | φράχτηκες |
| 3 sg | έφραζε | έφραξε | φραζόταν(ε) | φράχτηκε |
| 1 pl | φράζαμε | φράξαμε | φραζόμασταν, (‑όμαστε) | φραχτήκαμε |
| 2 pl | φράζατε | φράξατε | φραζόσασταν, (‑όσαστε) | φραχτήκατε |
| 3 pl | έφραζαν, φράζαν(ε) | έφραξαν, φράξαν(ε) | φράζονταν, (φραζόντουσαν) | φράχτηκαν, φραχτήκαν(ε) |
| Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | Continuous | Simple |
| 1 sg | θα φράζω ➤ | θα φράξω ➤ | θα φράζομαι ➤ | θα φραχτώ ➤ |
| 2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα φράζεις, … | θα φράξεις, … | θα φράζεσαι, … | θα φραχτείς, … |
| Perfect aspect ➤ | Perfect aspect | |||
| Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … φράξει έχω, έχεις, … φραγμένο, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ |
έχω, έχεις, … φραχτεί είμαι, είσαι, … φραγμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
| Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … φράξει είχα, είχες, … φραγμένο, ‑η, ‑ο |
είχα, είχες, … φραχτεί ήμουν, ήσουν, … φραγμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
| Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … φράξει θα έχω, θα έχεις, … φραγμένο, ‑η, ‑ο |
θα έχω, θα έχεις, … φραχτεί θα είμαι, θα είσαι, … φραγμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
| Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
| Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
| 2 sg | φράζε | φράξε, φράχ' 1 | — | φράξου |
| 2 pl | φράζετε | φράξτε, φράχτε2 | φράζεστε | φραχτείτε |
| Other forms | Active voice | Passive voice | ||
| Present participle➤ | φράζοντας ➤ | — | ||
| Perfect participle➤ | έχοντας φράξει ➤ | φραγμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
| Nonfinite form➤ | φράξει | φραχτεί | ||
| Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
1. Colloquial apocopic perfective imperative + accusative of article & noun or weak pronouns e.g. φράχ' το ("block it!") 2. Colloquial. • (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Synonyms
[edit](fence): περιφράσσω (perifrásso), περικλείω (perikleío) (block): εμποδίζω (empodízo) (clog): βουλώνω (voulóno)
Antonyms
[edit](antonym(s) of “clog”): ξεβουλώνω (xevoulóno), αποφράζω (apofrázo), αποφράσσω (apofrásso) (formal)
Related terms
[edit]Related words by stem
φραζ-
- αποφράζω (apofrázo)
- All other -φράζω verbs are related to the ancient φράζω (“tell, explain”) (e.g. μεταφράζω (metafrázo, “translate”), παραφράζω (parafrázo, “make a paraphrase”)
φρασσ- (all formal)
- αποφράσσω (apofrásso, “unblock”)
- εμφράσσω (emfrásso)
- περιφράσσω (perifrásso)
- φράσσω (frásso)
φρακ- + [t] > φραχτ-, or unchanged in the more formal φρακτ-
- απερίφραχτος (aperífrachtos, “unfenced”)
- αποφρακτικός (apofraktikós, “obstructive”)
- άφραχτος (áfrachtos, “unfenced”), άφρακτος (áfraktos)
- καγκελόφραχτος (kagkelófrachtos, “rail fenced”)
- σιδερόφραχτος (siderófrachtos, “fenced with iron rail”), σιδηρόφρακτος (sidirófraktos)
- υδατοφράχτης m (ydatofráchtis, “dam”), υδατοφράκτης (ydatofráktis)
- φράχτης m (fráchtis, “fence”), φράκτης (fráktis)
φρακ/γ- + [s] > φραξ-
- απόφραξη f (apófraxi, “unblocking”)
- έμφραξη f (émfraxi, “blocking”) (formal)
- περίφραξη f (perífraxi)
- φράξιμο n (fráximo)
- Unrelated: φράξια f (fráxia, “differentiated group within a political party”) from the Russian фракция (frakcija) from Latin fractio.
- Unrelated: φρακάρω (frakáro, “I block, I am blocked”) from Venetan fracar
φραγ-
- άφραγος (áfragos)
- διάφραγμα n (diáfragma)
- διαφραγματικός (diafragmatikós)
- έμφραγμα n (émfragma)
- ξέφραγος (xéfragos)
- οδόφραγμα n (odófragma)
- περίφραγμα n (perífragma)
- φραγή f (fragí)
- φράγμα n (frágma)
- φραγμός m (fragmós)
References
[edit]- ^ φράζω, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Greek terms inherited from Byzantine Greek
- Greek terms derived from Byzantine Greek
- Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek verbs
- Greek transitive verbs
- Greek intransitive verbs
- Greek terms with usage examples
- Greek verbs conjugating like 'παίζω'