горілка
Ukrainian
Alternative forms
- гарі́лка (harílka) (dialectal)
- горі́вка (horívka) (Western Ukraine)
- згорі́вка (zhorívka) (dialectal)
- зорі́вка (zorívka) (dialectal)
- орі́лка (orílka) (dialectal)
Etymology
Formed following the pattern of Polish gorzałka, and related to горі́ти (horíty, “to burn”), from Old East Slavic горѣти (gorěti, “to burn”), from Proto-Slavic *gorěti (“to burn”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer-, *gʷʰor- (“warm, hot”).
It may be an abbreviation of a compound term, such as:
- горі́ле вино́ (horíle vynó, “burnt wine”)—compare archaic горѣ́лое вино́ (horíloe vynó).
- горі́ла вода́ (horíla vodá) or *горі́лая вода́ (horílaja vodá, “burnt water”)—compare Czech pálenka (“brandy”), from Old Czech palená voda (“burnt water”), and Hungarian pálinka from a similar Slavic origin.
Although there is no firm evidence, both горілка (horilka) and gorzałka are thought to originate as calques after New High German Branntwein (“brandy”), from early New High German der brannte Wein (“burnt wine”) = later German der gebrannte Wein. Also compare English brandy, from brandywine, from Dutch brandewijn (“burning wine”).
There is also an unlikely theory that горілка (horilka) comes from Russian горе́лка (gorélka) after the Polish example, rather than the reverse.
Old Ukrainian forms include горѣвка (horivka), attested from the 18th century, горѣлка (horilka), 1678, горилка (horylka), 1562, and горѣлое вино (horiloe vyno), 1511.
Also compare south Russian горе́лка (gorélka), Belarusian гарэ́лка (harélka), Polish gorzałka, gorzała, Czech kořalka originating from Polish, dialectal Slovak goralka and goržolka also from Polish. Also English horilka or gorilka, by romanization.
Pronunciation
Noun
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- Any distilled alcoholic liquor: vodka, whisky, brandy, etc.
- Specifically, a clear distilled alcoholic liquor of Eastern European origin, made from grain mash, potatoes, or their peelings; vodka.
- Such a liquor of Ukrainian origin, as opposed to Russian or Polish vodka; horilka.
Declension
Synonyms
- гори́чка (horýčka) (Western Ukraine)
- горі́вонька (horívonʹka) (diminutive, endearing)
- горі́вочка (horívočka) (diminutive, endearing)
- горіла́ш (horiláš) (dialectal)
- горіле́ць (horilécʹ)
- горі́лиця (horílycja) (dialectal)
- горі́лонька (horílonʹka) (diminutive, endearing)
- горі́лочка (horíločka) (diminutive, endearing)
- горілу́ха (horilúxa) (dialectal, augmentative)
- во́дка (vódka) (from Russian)
Derived terms
- горі́лочний (horíločnyj)
- горілча́ний (horilčányj)
- горіля́ччя (horiljáččja) (dialectal)
- горільни́цтво (horilʹnýctvo) (dialectal)
- горі́льня (horílʹnja) (dialectal)
- горільча́ний (horilʹčányj)
Related terms
- гура́льня f (hurálʹnja, “distillery”)
- гуральництво n (huralʹnyctvo, “distilling”)
Descendants
See also
- перці́вка (percívka)
References
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “горілка”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “горілка”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “горіти”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page гуральня
- Rudnyc'kyj, Ja. (1962–1982) “горіти”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language, Winnipeg, Ottawa: Ukrainian Free Academy of Sciences; Ukrainian Mohylo-Mazepian Academy of Sciences; Ukrainian Language Association, →LCCN, pages 693–694
- Ukrainian terms derived from Polish
- Ukrainian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ukrainian terms derived from German
- Ukrainian terms derived from Russian
- Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ukrainian terms with audio links
- uk:Alcoholic beverages