зима

See also: зіма

Bulgarian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyōm.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈzimə/

Noun

зи́ма • (zíma) f

1. winter, wintertime

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Macedonian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyōm.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈzima/

Noun

зи́ма • (zíma) f

1. winter, wintertime

Inflection

Declension of зима

	singular	plural
indefinite	зима	зими
definite unspecified	зимата	зимите
definite proximal	зимава	зимиве
definite distal	зимана	зимине
vocative	зимо	зими

See also

Seasons in Macedonian · годишни времиња (godišni vreminja) (layout · text) · category
пролет (prolet, “spring”)	лето (leto, “summer”)	есен (esen, “autumn”)	зима (zima, “winter”)

Verb

зима • (zima) third-singular present, impf (perfective земе)

1. (transitive, nonstandard) to take
2. (transitive, nonstandard) to get

Conjugation

Conjugation of зима (imperfective, present in -а)

l-participles	imperfect	aorist	non-finite forms
masculine	зимал	—	adjectival participle	зиман
feminine	зимала	—	adverbial participle	зимајќи
neuter	зимало	—	verbal noun	зимање
plural	зимале	—	perfect participle	зимано
	present	imperfect	aorist	imperative
1st singular	зимам	зимав	—	—
2nd singular	зимаш	зимаше	—	зимај
3rd singular	зима	зимаше	—	—
1st plural	зимаме	зимавме	—	—
2nd plural	зимате	зимавте	—	зимајте
3rd plural	зимаат	зимаа	—	—
Compound tenses
perfect	сум зимал		present of сум (except in the 3rd person) + imperfect l-participle
има-perfect	имам зимано		present of има + perfect participle
pluperfect	бев зимал		imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle
има-pluperfect	имав зимано		imperfect of има + perfect participle
има-perfect reported	сум имал зимано		perfect of има + perfect participle
future	ќе зимам		ќе + present
има-future	ќе имам зимано		future of има + perfect participle
future in the past	ќе зимав		ќе + imperfect
има-future in the past	ќе имав зимано		future in the past of има + perfect participle
future reported	ќе сум зимал		ќе + imperfect l-participle
има-future reported	ќе сум имал зимано		future reported of има + perfect participle
conditional	би зимал		би + imperfect l-participle
има-conditional	би имал зимано		conditional of има + perfect participle

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Old Church Slavonic

Alternative forms

• Glagolitic: ⰸⰹⰿⰰ (zima)

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyōm.

Noun

зима • (zima) f

1. winter

Declension

Declension of зима (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	зим{{{2}}}а zim{{{2}}}a	зим{{{2}}}ѣ zim{{{2}}}ě	зим{{{2}}}ꙑ zim{{{2}}}y
genitive	зим{{{2}}}ꙑ zim{{{2}}}y	зим{{{2}}}оу zim{{{2}}}u	зим{{{2}}}ъ zim{{{2}}}ŭ
dative	зим{{{2}}}ѣ zim{{{2}}}ě	зим{{{2}}}ама zim{{{2}}}ama	зим{{{2}}}амъ zim{{{2}}}amŭ
accusative	зим{{{2}}}ѫ zim{{{2}}}ǫ	зим{{{2}}}ѣ zim{{{2}}}ě	зим{{{2}}}ꙑ zim{{{2}}}y
instrumental	зим{{{2}}}оѭ zim{{{2}}}ojǫ	зим{{{2}}}ама zim{{{2}}}ama	зим{{{2}}}ами zim{{{2}}}ami
locative	зим{{{2}}}ѣ zim{{{2}}}ě	зим{{{2}}}оу zim{{{2}}}u	зим{{{2}}}ахъ zim{{{2}}}axŭ
vocative	зим{{{2}}}о zim{{{2}}}o	зим{{{2}}}ѣ zim{{{2}}}ě	зим{{{2}}}ꙑ zim{{{2}}}y

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Russian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyōm.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [zʲɪˈma]

• audio:

  (file)

Noun

зима́ • (zimá) f inan (genitive зимы́, nominative plural зи́мы, genitive plural зим)

1. winter

Declension

Declension of зима́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-dʹ) 

	singular	plural
nominative	зима́ zimá	зи́мы zímy
genitive	зимы́ zimý	зи́м zím
dative	зиме́ zimé	зи́мам zímam
accusative	зи́му zímu	зи́мы zímy
instrumental	зимо́й, зимо́ю zimój, zimóju	зи́мами zímami
prepositional	зиме́ zimé	зи́мах zímax

Pre-reform declension of зима́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-dʹ) 

	singular	plural
nominative	зима́ zimá	зи́мы zímy
genitive	зимы́ zimý	зи́мъ zím
dative	зимѣ́ zimě́	зи́мамъ zímam
accusative	зи́му zímu	зи́мы zímy
instrumental	зимо́й, зимо́ю zimój, zimóju	зи́мами zímami
prepositional	зимѣ́ zimě́	зи́махъ zímax

Related terms

• зи́мний (zímnij)
• зимова́ть (zimovátʹ)
• зимовье (zimovʹje)
• ози́мый (ozímyj)

See also

• (seasons) времена́ го́да (vremená góda) or сезо́ны (sezóny) (less commonly); весна́ (vesná), ле́то (léto), о́сень (ósenʹ), зима́ (zimá) ^{(Category: ru:Seasons)}

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Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyōm.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zǐːma/
• Hyphenation: зи‧ма

Noun

зи́ма f (Latin spelling zíma)

1. winter
2. cold, coldness (of weather or temperature)

Declension

Declension of зима

	singular	plural
nominative	зима	зиме
genitive	зиме	зима
dative	зими	зимама
accusative	зиму	зиме
vocative	зимо	зиме
locative	зими	зимама
instrumental	зимом	зимама

See also

Seasons in Serbo-Croatian · godišnja doba / годишња доба (layout · text) · category
spring: proleće, proljeće пролеће, прољеће	summer: leto, ljeto лето, љето	autumn: jesen јесен	winter: zima зима

References

• “зима” in Hrvatski jezični portal

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Ukrainian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyōm.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

зима́ • (zymá) f inan (genitive зими́, nominative plural зими́)

1. winter

See also

Seasons in Ukrainian · пори року (pory roku) (layout · text) · category
весна (vesna, “spring”)	літо (lito, “summer”)	осінь (osinʹ, “autumn”)	зима (zyma, “winter”)

References

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “зима”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka