кошташ
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Eastern Mari
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
[edit]кошташ • (koštaš) (type I conjugation)
- to walk (to go (using an arbitrary mode of transportation, i.e. to walk, to ride, to fly, to swim, to ski, etc.))
- to go, (to e.g., an event), to visit, to attend
- to be somewhere
- to work as, to be (used with a number of professions)
- to go to, to turn to
- to go for a walk, to wander
- to move, to shift, to change position
- to play (a card, a figure)
- (intransitive) to spread (rumors, ideas)
- to be going together, to see each other, to be in an intimate relationship
- to be at hand, to be with someone (e.g., in one's pocket)
- to float, to float on the surface
- to creep, to crawl (e.g., insects, reptiles)
- to be passed on, to go, to move from hand to hand
- to be, to remain, not to disappear (thoughts, feelings, etc.)
- to mate (wild animals)
- to hang out, to loaf about
- (in a converb construction) expressing durable and continuative processes and activities carried out in many locations, coupled with transitive and intransitive verbs
Conjugation
[edit]| Conjugation of кошташ (koštaš) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Present desiderative | |||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | |
| 1st singular | коштам (koštam) | ом кошт (om košt) | коштнем (koštńem) | ынем кошт (yńem košt) |
| 2nd singular | коштат (koštat) | от кошт (ot košt) | коштнет (koštńet) | ынет кошт (yńet košt) |
| 3rd singular | коштеш (košteš) | ок/огеш кошт (ok/ogeš košt) | коштнеже (koštńeže) | ынеж кошт (yńež košt) |
| 1st plural | коштына (koštyna) | она/огына кошт (ona/ogyna košt) | коштнена (koštńena) | ынена кошт (yńena košt) |
| 2nd plural | коштыда (koštyda) | ода/огыда кошт (oda/ogyda košt) | коштнеда (koštńeda) | ынеда кошт (yńeda košt) |
| 3rd plural | коштыт (koštyt) | огыт кошт (ogyt košt) | коштнешт (koštńešt) | ынешт кошт (yńešt košt) |
| Direct past indicative | Reported past indicative | |||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | |
| 1st singular | коштым (koštym) | шым кошт (šym košt) | коштынам (koštynam) | коштын омыл (koštyn omyl) |
| 2nd singular | коштыч (koštyč) | шыч кошт (šyč košt) | коштынат (koštynat) | коштын отыл (koštyn otyl) |
| 3rd singular | кошто (košto) | ыш кошт (yš košt) | коштын (koštyn) | коштын огыл (koštyn ogyl) |
| 1st plural | коштна (koštna) | ышна кошт (yšna košt) | коштынна (koštynna) | коштын онал/огынал (koštyn onal/ogynal) |
| 2nd plural | коштда (koštda) |
ышда кошт (yšda košt) | коштында (koštynda) | коштын одал/огыдал (koštyn odal/ogydal) |
| 3rd plural | коштыч (koštyč) | ышт кошт (yšt košt) | коштыныт (koštynyt) | коштын огытыл (koštyn ogytyl) |
| Imperative | Infinitive | кошташ (koštaš) | ||
| positive | negative | Necessitive infinitive | коштман (koštman) | |
| 2nd singular | кошт (košt) | ит кошт (it košt) | Active participle | коштшо (koštšo) |
| 3rd singular | коштшо (koštšo) | ынже кошт (ynže košt) | Passive participle | коштмо (koštmo) |
| 1st plural | коштына (koštyna) | она/огына кошт (ona/ogyna košt) | Future participle | коштшаш (koštšaš) |
| 2nd plural | коштса (koštsa) | ида кошт (ida košt) | Negative participle | коштдымо (koštdymo) |
| 3nd plural | коштышт (koštyšt) | ынышт кошт (ynyšt košt) | Verbal noun | коштмаш (koštmaš) |
| *) The future indicative is formed by using the infinitive and the present indicative forms of тӱҥалаш (tüŋalaš). **) The past progressive is formed by using the present indicative forms and the 3rd person singular of the past indicatives of улаш (ulaš). ***) The past desiderative is formed by using the present desiderative forms and the 3rd person singular of the past indicatives of улаш (ulaš). | ||||
Etymology 2
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
[edit]кошташ • (koštaš) (type II conjugation)
- (transitive) to dry
- (transitive) to drain
- to dry-cure
- (transitive) to roast
- (figuratively) to consume, to make somebody lose a lot of weight
References
[edit]- J. Bradley et al. (2023) “кошташ”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna